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Vaccines for Alzheimer's disease: a brief scoping review.

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Title: Vaccines for Alzheimer's disease: a brief scoping review.
Authors: Serag, Ibrahim (AUTHOR), Abouzid, Mohamed (AUTHOR), Moawad, Mostafa Hossam El Din (AUTHOR), Jaradat, Jaber H. (AUTHOR), Hendawy, Mohamed (AUTHOR), Hendi, Nada Ibrahim (AUTHOR), alkhawaldeh, Ibraheem M. (AUTHOR), Abdullah, Judy Ahmed (AUTHOR), Elsakka, Mona Mahmoud (AUTHOR), Muneer, Muneeb Ahmad (AUTHOR), Elnagar, Marwa Aboelhassan (AUTHOR), Fakher, Mohamed Adel (AUTHOR), Elkenani, Aya J. (AUTHOR), Abbas, Abdallah (AUTHOR)
Source: Neurological Sciences. Jul2025, Vol. 46 Issue 7, p2925-2950. 26p.
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease, Medical sciences, Methyl aspartate receptors, Regional disparities, Neurodegeneration
Abstract: Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia among older adults. Existing treatments—such as cholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid beta—can improve functional and neuropsychiatric outcomes but fail to prevent disease onset, halt progression, or adequately reduce amyloid-beta burden. Consequently, research efforts have shifted to primary prevention through immunization, although the efficacy of these strategies remains uncertain. This review explores the efficacy, safety, and adverse events of current immunotherapies for AD and discusses future research and clinical implications. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-SR) checklist. A systematic search was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: A total of 145 studies were included. Preclinical research often employed transgenic mouse models to investigate AD pathology and vaccine benefits, while Phase I and II clinical trials centered on safety and preliminary efficacy in humans. Most studies were conducted in the USA, China, and Japan, highlighting these countries' strong clinical trial infrastructure. Vaccination frequently reduced amyloid-beta or tau pathology in preclinical settings, although cognitive outcomes were inconsistent. Clinical trials primarily focused on safety and immune response, with newer vaccines such as ABvac40 demonstrating encouraging results and minimal adverse events. Conclusion: Although AD vaccines show promise in preclinical settings, longer and more comprehensive clinical trials are necessary to determine their long-term efficacy and safety. Standardized protocols and efforts to reduce regional disparities in research would facilitate better comparability and generalizability of findings, thereby guiding the future development of effective immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Vaccines for Alzheimer's disease: a brief scoping review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Serag%2C+Ibrahim%22">Serag, Ibrahim</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abouzid%2C+Mohamed%22">Abouzid, Mohamed</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moawad%2C+Mostafa+Hossam+El+Din%22">Moawad, Mostafa Hossam El Din</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jaradat%2C+Jaber+H%2E%22">Jaradat, Jaber H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hendawy%2C+Mohamed%22">Hendawy, Mohamed</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hendi%2C+Nada+Ibrahim%22">Hendi, Nada Ibrahim</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22alkhawaldeh%2C+Ibraheem+M%2E%22">alkhawaldeh, Ibraheem M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdullah%2C+Judy+Ahmed%22">Abdullah, Judy Ahmed</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elsakka%2C+Mona+Mahmoud%22">Elsakka, Mona Mahmoud</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muneer%2C+Muneeb+Ahmad%22">Muneer, Muneeb Ahmad</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elnagar%2C+Marwa+Aboelhassan%22">Elnagar, Marwa Aboelhassan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fakher%2C+Mohamed+Adel%22">Fakher, Mohamed Adel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elkenani%2C+Aya+J%2E%22">Elkenani, Aya J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abbas%2C+Abdallah%22">Abbas, Abdallah</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Neurological+Sciences%22">Neurological Sciences</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 46 Issue 7, p2925-2950. 26p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alzheimer's+disease%22">Alzheimer's disease</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+sciences%22">Medical sciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Methyl+aspartate+receptors%22">Methyl aspartate receptors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regional+disparities%22">Regional disparities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurodegeneration%22">Neurodegeneration</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia among older adults. Existing treatments—such as cholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid beta—can improve functional and neuropsychiatric outcomes but fail to prevent disease onset, halt progression, or adequately reduce amyloid-beta burden. Consequently, research efforts have shifted to primary prevention through immunization, although the efficacy of these strategies remains uncertain. This review explores the efficacy, safety, and adverse events of current immunotherapies for AD and discusses future research and clinical implications. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-SR) checklist. A systematic search was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: A total of 145 studies were included. Preclinical research often employed transgenic mouse models to investigate AD pathology and vaccine benefits, while Phase I and II clinical trials centered on safety and preliminary efficacy in humans. Most studies were conducted in the USA, China, and Japan, highlighting these countries' strong clinical trial infrastructure. Vaccination frequently reduced amyloid-beta or tau pathology in preclinical settings, although cognitive outcomes were inconsistent. Clinical trials primarily focused on safety and immune response, with newer vaccines such as ABvac40 demonstrating encouraging results and minimal adverse events. Conclusion: Although AD vaccines show promise in preclinical settings, longer and more comprehensive clinical trials are necessary to determine their long-term efficacy and safety. Standardized protocols and efforts to reduce regional disparities in research would facilitate better comparability and generalizability of findings, thereby guiding the future development of effective immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10072-025-08073-2
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Alzheimer's disease
        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Methyl aspartate receptors
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