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Anxiety trajectories from pregnancy to one-year postpartum and their contributors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Title: Anxiety trajectories from pregnancy to one-year postpartum and their contributors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Preis, Heidi, Wang, Weihao, St. Denis, Ilka, Zhu, Wei, Mahaffey, Brittain, Lobel, Marci
Source: Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology. Jul2025, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p846-858. 13p.
Subjects: Risk assessment, Psychological resilience, Self-evaluation, Research funding, Questionnaires, Multiple regression analysis, Pregnant women, Anxiety, Descriptive statistics, Structural equation modeling, Financial stress, Psychological stress, Data analysis software, Pregnancy complications, Social support, COVID-19 pandemic, Perinatal period, Pathological psychology
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Background: Anxiety in the peripartum period (pregnancy through one-year postpartum) has negative impacts on mothers and infants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, high rates of anxiety were reported worldwide, but trajectories for how these symptoms change longitudinally in the peripartum period remain unknown. Methods: A total of 1,411 women who were pregnant during the second U.S. COVID-19 surge completed four study questionnaires between December 2020 and March 2022, including assessments of anxiety symptoms (GAD-7) and individual and community-level contributors. Latent Class Growth Mixture Models (LCGMM) were used to identify anxiety trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify contributors to class membership. Results: Three classes of anxiety symptom trajectories were identified. Class 1 (n = 956, 67.8%) experienced minimal/mild anxiety throughout the peripartum period. Class 2 (n = 362, 25.7%) experienced initial moderate anxiety that remained stable. Class 3 (n = 93, 6.6%) experienced initial moderate anxiety that increased to severe in the postpartum period. Stress and history of mental health diagnosis contributed to higher initial levels of anxiety and ongoing social support contributed to lower levels of anxiety. In addition, financial insecurity increased the risk of belonging to Class 3. Conclusions: Screening for anxiety symptoms and psychosocial vulnerabilities in the peripartum period is vital, as is early intervention. This is especially the case among women with limited financial and social resources who may experience chronic or worsening anxiety as they transition to parenthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Anxiety trajectories from pregnancy to one-year postpartum and their contributors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Preis%2C+Heidi%22">Preis, Heidi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Weihao%22">Wang, Weihao</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22St%2E+Denis%2C+Ilka%22">St. Denis, Ilka</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Wei%22">Zhu, Wei</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mahaffey%2C+Brittain%22">Mahaffey, Brittain</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lobel%2C+Marci%22">Lobel, Marci</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Reproductive+%26+Infant+Psychology%22">Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p846-858. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+resilience%22">Psychological resilience</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-evaluation%22">Self-evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiple+regression+analysis%22">Multiple regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pregnant+women%22">Pregnant women</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+equation+modeling%22">Structural equation modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Financial+stress%22">Financial stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+stress%22">Psychological stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pregnancy+complications%22">Pregnancy complications</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+support%22">Social support</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+pandemic%22">COVID-19 pandemic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perinatal+period%22">Perinatal period</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pathological+psychology%22">Pathological psychology</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Anxiety in the peripartum period (pregnancy through one-year postpartum) has negative impacts on mothers and infants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, high rates of anxiety were reported worldwide, but trajectories for how these symptoms change longitudinally in the peripartum period remain unknown. Methods: A total of 1,411 women who were pregnant during the second U.S. COVID-19 surge completed four study questionnaires between December 2020 and March 2022, including assessments of anxiety symptoms (GAD-7) and individual and community-level contributors. Latent Class Growth Mixture Models (LCGMM) were used to identify anxiety trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify contributors to class membership. Results: Three classes of anxiety symptom trajectories were identified. Class 1 (n = 956, 67.8%) experienced minimal/mild anxiety throughout the peripartum period. Class 2 (n = 362, 25.7%) experienced initial moderate anxiety that remained stable. Class 3 (n = 93, 6.6%) experienced initial moderate anxiety that increased to severe in the postpartum period. Stress and history of mental health diagnosis contributed to higher initial levels of anxiety and ongoing social support contributed to lower levels of anxiety. In addition, financial insecurity increased the risk of belonging to Class 3. Conclusions: Screening for anxiety symptoms and psychosocial vulnerabilities in the peripartum period is vital, as is early intervention. This is especially the case among women with limited financial and social resources who may experience chronic or worsening anxiety as they transition to parenthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=186013219
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/02646838.2023.2293914
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 846
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological resilience
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-evaluation
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Pregnant women
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: United States
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              Text: Jul2025
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