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Neurodevelopmental disorders in children with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review.

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Title: Neurodevelopmental disorders in children with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review.
Authors: Cook, Benjamin, Van Bockstaele, Stef, Crow, Samuel B., Sainsbury, David, Butterworth, Sophie, Filson, Simon
Source: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Jun2025, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1731-1738. 8p.
Subjects: Autism risk factors, Risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Risk assessment, Medical information storage & retrieval systems, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autism, Questionnaires, Disease prevalence, Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, Cleft lip, Asperger's syndrome, Online information services, Cleft palate, Disease complications
Abstract (English): Individuals with orofacial clefts (OFCs) may be at an increased risk of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review provides a summary of the most recent data regarding the prevalence of ASD and ADHD in the OFC population and compares this to the general paediatric population. Multiple databases were searched including PubMed/Medline and Embase in July 2024, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024565219). 1025 papers were identified for screening, of which nine were included in the report. Percentage prevalence was calculated and compared to global prevalence or control populations where available. Overall, ASD prevalence among children with a cleft ranged from 0 to 50% (Mean = 2.87%; SD = 5.40) compared to ~ 1% globally (WHO) and ADHD prevalence ranged from 2.34 to 31.71% (Mean = 3.63%; SD = 4.30) compared to ~ 5% globally (NICE). Matched control populations showed larger differences. Isolated cleft palate was associated with higher rates than isolated cleft lip or combined cleft lip and palate. Prevalence in individuals with syndromic clefts appeared greater still (Mean = 14.80%; SD = 16.58) although populations were small. Children with OFCs demonstrate increased prevalence of ASD compared to the average paediatric population. Evidence for increased prevalence of ADHD is less clear, with varying rates across studies. Children with isolated cleft palate or cleft associated with genetic syndromes appear most at risk, although further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (French): Clinical Relevance and Implications: Literature has demonstrated a potentially elevated risk of certain neurodevelopmental disorders in individuals with orofacial clefts (OFCs). This study found an increased prevalence of ASD in children with orofacial clefts compared to matched controls and global prevalence. ADHD may also be increased in these populations, although data is less clear. Both ASD and ADHD prevalence appeared even greater in individuals with syndrome-associated OFCs, as well as those with cleft palate only (CPO). Clinical assessments should involve greater vigilance for ASD and ADHD amongst both clinicians and parents/guardians through patient education. Future research is required to clarify the nature of the association between ASD/ADHD and OFCs and identify any causative factors that may lead to this increased risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Neurodevelopmental disorders in children with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Child+%26+Adolescent+Psychiatry%22">European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1731-1738. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism+risk+factors%22">Autism risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+factors+of+attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+information+storage+%26+retrieval+systems%22">Medical information storage & retrieval systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism%22">Autism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+prevalence%22">Disease prevalence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systematic+reviews%22">Systematic reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDLINE%22">MEDLINE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cleft+lip%22">Cleft lip</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asperger's+syndrome%22">Asperger's syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Online+information+services%22">Online information services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cleft+palate%22">Cleft palate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+complications%22">Disease complications</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Individuals with orofacial clefts (OFCs) may be at an increased risk of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review provides a summary of the most recent data regarding the prevalence of ASD and ADHD in the OFC population and compares this to the general paediatric population. Multiple databases were searched including PubMed/Medline and Embase in July 2024, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024565219). 1025 papers were identified for screening, of which nine were included in the report. Percentage prevalence was calculated and compared to global prevalence or control populations where available. Overall, ASD prevalence among children with a cleft ranged from 0 to 50% (Mean = 2.87%; SD = 5.40) compared to ~ 1% globally (WHO) and ADHD prevalence ranged from 2.34 to 31.71% (Mean = 3.63%; SD = 4.30) compared to ~ 5% globally (NICE). Matched control populations showed larger differences. Isolated cleft palate was associated with higher rates than isolated cleft lip or combined cleft lip and palate. Prevalence in individuals with syndromic clefts appeared greater still (Mean = 14.80%; SD = 16.58) although populations were small. Children with OFCs demonstrate increased prevalence of ASD compared to the average paediatric population. Evidence for increased prevalence of ADHD is less clear, with varying rates across studies. Children with isolated cleft palate or cleft associated with genetic syndromes appear most at risk, although further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (French)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Clinical Relevance and Implications: Literature has demonstrated a potentially elevated risk of certain neurodevelopmental disorders in individuals with orofacial clefts (OFCs). This study found an increased prevalence of ASD in children with orofacial clefts compared to matched controls and global prevalence. ADHD may also be increased in these populations, although data is less clear. Both ASD and ADHD prevalence appeared even greater in individuals with syndrome-associated OFCs, as well as those with cleft palate only (CPO). Clinical assessments should involve greater vigilance for ASD and ADHD amongst both clinicians and parents/guardians through patient education. Future research is required to clarify the nature of the association between ASD/ADHD and OFCs and identify any causative factors that may lead to this increased risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00787-024-02636-y
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Autism risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Disease complications
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      – TitleFull: Neurodevelopmental disorders in children with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review.
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              Text: Jun2025
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