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The role of inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension on cognitive functioning in an underserved, rural population: a Project FRONTIER study.

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Title: The role of inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension on cognitive functioning in an underserved, rural population: a Project FRONTIER study.
Authors: Chrzanowski, Lauren (AUTHOR), Singer, Jonathan (AUTHOR), Rerick, Peter (AUTHOR), Elliott, Lauren (AUTHOR), Levitt, Danielle E. (AUTHOR), Cummings, Caroline (AUTHOR), Decourt, Boris (AUTHOR), Molinar-Lopez, Veronica (AUTHOR), Neugebauer, Volker (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology. May2025, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p249-262. 14p.
Subjects: Inflammation, Hypertension, Rural population, Poor communities, Research & development projects, Chronic pain, Cognitive ability, Epidemiological research
Geographic Terms: West Texas
Abstract: Background: Inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension have been identified as risk factors for cognitive decline; few studies have examined the interplay between multiple risk factors and even fewer have considered these factors in underserved rural populations. Objective: This study analyzed the relationships between inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension with cognitive functioning in an underserved, primarily Hispanic, rural population from Project FRONTIER (Facing Rural Obstacles to Healthcare Now Through Intervention, Education, & Research). Methods: This epidemiological study enrolled 1,864 participants (Mage = 59.68 years, SDage = 12.21) living in five rural counties in West Texas. Consented participants disclosed medical diagnoses (e.g. chronic pain), completed five cognitive evaluations (i.e. the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, the Trails Making Test A and B, and Clock Drawing 1 and 2), and attended a medical examination during which a physician confirmed existing medical conditions (e.g. hypertension) and collected a blood sample for further analysis (e.g. inflammation markers). Results: Analysis via MANOVA revealed a multivariate effect of inflammation (V =.02, F(4, 969) = 3.72, p =.006) and a multivariate effect of hypertension (V =.03, F(4, 969) = 6.69, p <.001). There was no multivariate effect for chronic pain (V =.01, F(4,969) = 2.18, p =.07) and no significant two way or three way interaction. Post-hoc ANOVAs further illustrated the relationships between specific cognitive functioning domains and inflammation or hypertension. Conclusions: The current study findings suggest that underserved rural populations have unique epidemiological experiences that are distinct from prior findings in urban populations. Inflammation and hypertension are important clinical considerations as risk factors for cognitive decline. Future research should explore interventions that support rural-dwelling individuals impacted by provider shortages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The role of inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension on cognitive functioning in an underserved, rural population: a Project FRONTIER study.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22West+Texas%22&quot;&gt;West Texas&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension have been identified as risk factors for cognitive decline; few studies have examined the interplay between multiple risk factors and even fewer have considered these factors in underserved rural populations. Objective: This study analyzed the relationships between inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension with cognitive functioning in an underserved, primarily Hispanic, rural population from Project FRONTIER (Facing Rural Obstacles to Healthcare Now Through Intervention, Education, &amp; Research). Methods: This epidemiological study enrolled 1,864 participants (Mage = 59.68 years, SDage = 12.21) living in five rural counties in West Texas. Consented participants disclosed medical diagnoses (e.g. chronic pain), completed five cognitive evaluations (i.e. the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, the Trails Making Test A and B, and Clock Drawing 1 and 2), and attended a medical examination during which a physician confirmed existing medical conditions (e.g. hypertension) and collected a blood sample for further analysis (e.g. inflammation markers). Results: Analysis via MANOVA revealed a multivariate effect of inflammation (V =.02, F(4, 969) = 3.72, p =.006) and a multivariate effect of hypertension (V =.03, F(4, 969) = 6.69, p &lt;.001). There was no multivariate effect for chronic pain (V =.01, F(4,969) = 2.18, p =.07) and no significant two way or three way interaction. Post-hoc ANOVAs further illustrated the relationships between specific cognitive functioning domains and inflammation or hypertension. Conclusions: The current study findings suggest that underserved rural populations have unique epidemiological experiences that are distinct from prior findings in urban populations. Inflammation and hypertension are important clinical considerations as risk factors for cognitive decline. Future research should explore interventions that support rural-dwelling individuals impacted by provider shortages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Journal of Clinical &amp; Experimental Neuropsychology is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/13803395.2025.2527341
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 249
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Inflammation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypertension
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rural population
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poor communities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research & development projects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chronic pain
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Epidemiological research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: West Texas
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The role of inflammation, chronic pain, and hypertension on cognitive functioning in an underserved, rural population: a Project FRONTIER study.
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            NameFull: Singer, Jonathan
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              M: 05
              Text: May2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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