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The effect of cognitive control on addiction relapse.

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Title: The effect of cognitive control on addiction relapse.
Authors: Gilbey, Harriet, Wilcockson, Thomas D. W.
Source: Addiction Research & Theory. Aug2025, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p259-266. 8p.
Subjects: Substance abuse treatment, Risk assessment, Attentional bias, Control (Psychology), Executive function, Disease relapse, Short-term memory, Cognition, Drug abusers, Drug abstinence, Disease risk factors
Abstract: Background and Aims: When entering substance abuse treatment centers, some individuals with substance use disorder relapse whilst others do not. Predicting who is likely to relapse or not would enable for more effective treatment by targeting those who are at increased risk. Previous research would indicate that aspects related to cognitive control including cognitive bias, inhibitory control, and working memory may all be strong indicators of relapse likelihood. Therefore, this paper explores whether aspects of cognitive control can predict relapse likelihood. Method: Participants were patients in substance treatment centers who were abstaining. They were tested on measures of cognitive bias (REsT), inhibitory control (go/no-go), and working memory (nBack). A follow-up survey was then issued after a twelve-week period to ascertain whether participants had remained abstinent or if they had relapsed. Results: Relative to abstainers, individuals who relapsed had shown significant impairments in working memory and inhibitory control at baseline. They had also demonstrated increased preoccupation with substance-related stimuli as indicated by the cognitive bias measure. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that deficits in cognitive control contribute to the maintenance of substance use disorder and substance usage. The results indicate that inhibitory and working memory deficits may contribute to initial engagement in substance abuse, followed by an increase in cognitive bias and further deficits in inhibitory control and WM contributing to an increased likelihood of relapse. This suggests that decreased cognitive control may increase relapse likelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Addiction Research & Theory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The effect of cognitive control on addiction relapse.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gilbey%2C+Harriet%22">Gilbey, Harriet</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wilcockson%2C+Thomas+D%2E+W%2E%22">Wilcockson, Thomas D. W.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Addiction+Research+%26+Theory%22">Addiction Research & Theory</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p259-266. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance+abuse+treatment%22">Substance abuse treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attentional+bias%22">Attentional bias</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Control+%28Psychology%29%22">Control (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+relapse%22">Disease relapse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-term+memory%22">Short-term memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition%22">Cognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+abusers%22">Drug abusers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+abstinence%22">Drug abstinence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+risk+factors%22">Disease risk factors</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background and Aims: When entering substance abuse treatment centers, some individuals with substance use disorder relapse whilst others do not. Predicting who is likely to relapse or not would enable for more effective treatment by targeting those who are at increased risk. Previous research would indicate that aspects related to cognitive control including cognitive bias, inhibitory control, and working memory may all be strong indicators of relapse likelihood. Therefore, this paper explores whether aspects of cognitive control can predict relapse likelihood. Method: Participants were patients in substance treatment centers who were abstaining. They were tested on measures of cognitive bias (REsT), inhibitory control (go/no-go), and working memory (nBack). A follow-up survey was then issued after a twelve-week period to ascertain whether participants had remained abstinent or if they had relapsed. Results: Relative to abstainers, individuals who relapsed had shown significant impairments in working memory and inhibitory control at baseline. They had also demonstrated increased preoccupation with substance-related stimuli as indicated by the cognitive bias measure. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that deficits in cognitive control contribute to the maintenance of substance use disorder and substance usage. The results indicate that inhibitory and working memory deficits may contribute to initial engagement in substance abuse, followed by an increase in cognitive bias and further deficits in inhibitory control and WM contributing to an increased likelihood of relapse. This suggests that decreased cognitive control may increase relapse likelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Addiction Research & Theory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=186874726
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        Value: 10.1080/16066359.2024.2426469
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      – TitleFull: The effect of cognitive control on addiction relapse.
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              Text: Aug2025
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