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Combined effects of low-dose caffeine and warm-up music enhance male athletes' performance in simulated Taekwondo combat: a double-blind, randomized crossover trial.

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Title: Combined effects of low-dose caffeine and warm-up music enhance male athletes' performance in simulated Taekwondo combat: a double-blind, randomized crossover trial.
Authors: Delleli, Slaheddine (AUTHOR), Ouergui, Ibrahim (AUTHOR), Messaoudi, Hamdi (AUTHOR), Cazan, Florin (AUTHOR), Ballmann, Christopher Garrett (AUTHOR), Ardigò, Luca Paolo (AUTHOR), Chtourou, Hamdi (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychopharmacology. Aug2025, Vol. 242 Issue 8, p1845-1858. 14p.
Subjects: Caffeine, Tae kwon do, Crossover trials, Randomized controlled trials, Martial arts techniques, Athletic ability
Abstract: Rationale: How caffeine (CAF) intake and warm-up music combination affect male taekwondo athletes' performance during simulated combat is yet unstudied. Objective: This study examined the potential synergistic effects of low dose of CAF and warm-up music on subsequent taekwondo combat outcomes. Methods: In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover study, 16 male taekwondo athletes performed simulated combats under six conditions: (a) control, (b) CAF without music (CAF + NM), (c) placebo without music (PL + NM), (d) CAF with music (CAF + M), (e) PL with music (PL + M), and (f) no supplement with music (NS + M). After warming-up, athletes rated their felt arousal (FAS). Perceived exertion (RPE), feeling scale (FS), FAS, and physical enjoyment (PACES) were determined after combat while mean (HRmean) and peak (HRpeak) heart rate were determined for each bout. Each combat was analyzed to determine time-motion aspects and technical-tactical skills. Results: CAF + M shortened skip and pause times than CAF and music in single-use (p < 0.05), while extend attack time than other conditions (p < 0.001). Additionally, CAF + M increased attacks and defensive actions above that of single treatment conditions (all p < 0.05). Moreover, CAF + M improved FS and FAS post-combat than the other conditions (p < 0.001) and PACES compared to NS + M, PL + NM and PL + M conditions (p < 0.05). Similarly, CAF + M reduced HRmean and HRpeak than the other conditions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Combining low dose of CAF and warm-up music could be an effective strategy to enhance taekwondo combat performance in male athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Combined effects of low-dose caffeine and warm-up music enhance male athletes&#39; performance in simulated Taekwondo combat: a double-blind, randomized crossover trial.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Delleli%2C+Slaheddine%22&quot;&gt;Delleli, Slaheddine&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ouergui%2C+Ibrahim%22&quot;&gt;Ouergui, Ibrahim&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Messaoudi%2C+Hamdi%22&quot;&gt;Messaoudi, Hamdi&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cazan%2C+Florin%22&quot;&gt;Cazan, Florin&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ballmann%2C+Christopher+Garrett%22&quot;&gt;Ballmann, Christopher Garrett&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ardig&#242;%2C+Luca+Paolo%22&quot;&gt;Ardig&#242;, Luca Paolo&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Chtourou%2C+Hamdi%22&quot;&gt;Chtourou, Hamdi&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Psychopharmacology%22&quot;&gt;Psychopharmacology&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Aug2025, Vol. 242 Issue 8, p1845-1858. 14p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Caffeine%22&quot;&gt;Caffeine&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Tae+kwon+do%22&quot;&gt;Tae kwon do&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Crossover+trials%22&quot;&gt;Crossover trials&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Randomized+controlled+trials%22&quot;&gt;Randomized controlled trials&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Martial+arts+techniques%22&quot;&gt;Martial arts techniques&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Athletic+ability%22&quot;&gt;Athletic ability&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Rationale: How caffeine (CAF) intake and warm-up music combination affect male taekwondo athletes&#39; performance during simulated combat is yet unstudied. Objective: This study examined the potential synergistic effects of low dose of CAF and warm-up music on subsequent taekwondo combat outcomes. Methods: In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover study, 16 male taekwondo athletes performed simulated combats under six conditions: (a) control, (b) CAF without music (CAF + NM), (c) placebo without music (PL + NM), (d) CAF with music (CAF + M), (e) PL with music (PL + M), and (f) no supplement with music (NS + M). After warming-up, athletes rated their felt arousal (FAS). Perceived exertion (RPE), feeling scale (FS), FAS, and physical enjoyment (PACES) were determined after combat while mean (HRmean) and peak (HRpeak) heart rate were determined for each bout. Each combat was analyzed to determine time-motion aspects and technical-tactical skills. Results: CAF + M shortened skip and pause times than CAF and music in single-use (p &lt; 0.05), while extend attack time than other conditions (p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, CAF + M increased attacks and defensive actions above that of single treatment conditions (all p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, CAF + M improved FS and FAS post-combat than the other conditions (p &lt; 0.001) and PACES compared to NS + M, PL + NM and PL + M conditions (p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, CAF + M reduced HRmean and HRpeak than the other conditions (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Combining low dose of CAF and warm-up music could be an effective strategy to enhance taekwondo combat performance in male athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00213-025-06766-2
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Crossover trials
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