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The executive functions among patients with an initial Glasgow coma scale score of 15.

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Title: The executive functions among patients with an initial Glasgow coma scale score of 15.
Authors: Guo, Nai-Wen (AUTHOR), Chou, Willy (AUTHOR), Kuo, Jinn-Rung (AUTHOR), Liao, Yu-Chi (AUTHOR), Chuang, Ming-Tsung (AUTHOR), Su, Bei-Yi (AUTHOR)
Source: Applied Neuropsychology: Adult. Sep/Oct2025, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p1317-1325. 9p.
Subjects: Executive function, Glasgow Coma Scale, Neuropsychological tests, Brain injuries, Attention testing
Abstract: Executive functions (EF) were the critical neuropsychological functions linked to long-term adaptation. Given the heterogeneous prognosis trajectories of mild traumatic brain jury (mTBI), the mildest TBI may not always be benign in the chronic stage. The present study explored the long-term EF in patients with chronic complicated mTBI and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15. Fifty patients with complicated mTBI and GCS scores of 15 and 35 control participants were recruited in this study. Medical records were retrospectively analyzed, and neuropsychological assessments and subjective measures examined the neuropsychological functions. Compared with healthy controls, complicated mTBI patients with a GCS score of 15 performed significantly worse on most EF assessments, including longer reaction time (RT) and poor cognitive flexibility and abstract reasoning performances. Patients also reported more EF problems and lower quality of life (QoL) than healthy controls. Females and those with subdural hematoma (SDH) had significantly longer reaction times (RT) on executive attention tests. This study found that complicated mTBI with a GCS score of 15 had incomplete recovery of EF, even in the chronic stage. We suggest that early neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation should be arranged for such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Neuropsychology: Adult is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The executive functions among patients with an initial Glasgow coma scale score of 15.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Nai-Wen%22">Guo, Nai-Wen</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chou%2C+Willy%22">Chou, Willy</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuo%2C+Jinn-Rung%22">Kuo, Jinn-Rung</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liao%2C+Yu-Chi%22">Liao, Yu-Chi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chuang%2C+Ming-Tsung%22">Chuang, Ming-Tsung</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Su%2C+Bei-Yi%22">Su, Bei-Yi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Applied+Neuropsychology%3A+Adult%22">Applied Neuropsychology: Adult</searchLink>. Sep/Oct2025, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p1317-1325. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glasgow+Coma+Scale%22">Glasgow Coma Scale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuropsychological+tests%22">Neuropsychological tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+injuries%22">Brain injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention+testing%22">Attention testing</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Executive functions (EF) were the critical neuropsychological functions linked to long-term adaptation. Given the heterogeneous prognosis trajectories of mild traumatic brain jury (mTBI), the mildest TBI may not always be benign in the chronic stage. The present study explored the long-term EF in patients with chronic complicated mTBI and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15. Fifty patients with complicated mTBI and GCS scores of 15 and 35 control participants were recruited in this study. Medical records were retrospectively analyzed, and neuropsychological assessments and subjective measures examined the neuropsychological functions. Compared with healthy controls, complicated mTBI patients with a GCS score of 15 performed significantly worse on most EF assessments, including longer reaction time (RT) and poor cognitive flexibility and abstract reasoning performances. Patients also reported more EF problems and lower quality of life (QoL) than healthy controls. Females and those with subdural hematoma (SDH) had significantly longer reaction times (RT) on executive attention tests. This study found that complicated mTBI with a GCS score of 15 had incomplete recovery of EF, even in the chronic stage. We suggest that early neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation should be arranged for such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Neuropsychology: Adult is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2266080
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        Text: English
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep/Oct2025
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              Y: 2025
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