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When Failing One Performance Validity Test Matters.

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Title: When Failing One Performance Validity Test Matters.
Authors: Denning, John H. (AUTHOR)
Source: Applied Neuropsychology: Adult. Sep/Oct2025, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p1418-1429. 12p.
Subjects: Cognitive testing, Test validity, Verbal learning, Memory testing, Failure (Psychology)
Abstract: There appears to be a lack of consensus regarding how best to interpret cognitive test findings when there is a failure on only one Performance Validity Test (PVT). The current study examined the impact of failing one freestanding, forced-choice, memory-based (Fr-FC-MB) PVT across two memory measures in a large sample of veterans (N = 1,353). The impact of failing zero, one, or two Fr-FC-MB PVTs (Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 or the Medical Symptom Validity Test) on subsequent memory measures was examined (California Verbal Learning Test-II [CVLT-II], Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-R [BVMT-R]). Compared to those failing zero PVTs, those failing one PVT showed significant declines across all memory indices with large average effect sizes (BVMT-R, d = −0.9, CVLT-II, d = −1.0). Those failing one PVT had memory scores more similar to those failing two PVTs. There is a need for greater nuance and flexibility when determining invalid test performance. The current findings, along with a brief review of the literature, find that failing even one Fr-FC-MB PVT dramatically (negatively) impacts memory performance. Results suggest that including individuals failing one Fr-FC-MB PVT into a credible group should be more closely scrutinized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Neuropsychology: Adult is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: When Failing One Performance Validity Test Matters.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Denning%2C+John+H%2E%22">Denning, John H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Applied+Neuropsychology%3A+Adult%22">Applied Neuropsychology: Adult</searchLink>. Sep/Oct2025, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p1418-1429. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+testing%22">Cognitive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+validity%22">Test validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Verbal+learning%22">Verbal learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory+testing%22">Memory testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Failure+%28Psychology%29%22">Failure (Psychology)</searchLink>
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  Data: There appears to be a lack of consensus regarding how best to interpret cognitive test findings when there is a failure on only one Performance Validity Test (PVT). The current study examined the impact of failing one freestanding, forced-choice, memory-based (Fr-FC-MB) PVT across two memory measures in a large sample of veterans (N = 1,353). The impact of failing zero, one, or two Fr-FC-MB PVTs (Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 or the Medical Symptom Validity Test) on subsequent memory measures was examined (California Verbal Learning Test-II [CVLT-II], Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-R [BVMT-R]). Compared to those failing zero PVTs, those failing one PVT showed significant declines across all memory indices with large average effect sizes (BVMT-R, d = −0.9, CVLT-II, d = −1.0). Those failing one PVT had memory scores more similar to those failing two PVTs. There is a need for greater nuance and flexibility when determining invalid test performance. The current findings, along with a brief review of the literature, find that failing even one Fr-FC-MB PVT dramatically (negatively) impacts memory performance. Results suggest that including individuals failing one Fr-FC-MB PVT into a credible group should be more closely scrutinized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Neuropsychology: Adult is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2285503
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Verbal learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Memory testing
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      – SubjectFull: Failure (Psychology)
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      – TitleFull: When Failing One Performance Validity Test Matters.
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              Text: Sep/Oct2025
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              Y: 2025
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