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Developmental Profiles of Young Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Their Associated Predictors.

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Title: Developmental Profiles of Young Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Their Associated Predictors.
Authors: Zehnwirth, Natalie, Smith, Libby, Shepherd, Daisy A., Sung, Valerie
Source: Child: Care, Health & Development. Jul2025, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1-13. 13p.
Subjects: Child development deviations -- Risk factors, Motor ability, Cochlear implants, Deafness in children, Questionnaires, Logistic regression analysis, Descriptive statistics, Problem solving, Odds ratio, Child development, Communication, Social skills, Quality of life, Hard of hearing people, Caregiver attitudes, Well-being, Children
Geographic Terms: Victoria
Abstract: Background: Concomitant developmental disability is common in deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children. We describe the early developmental profiles of DHH children and explore factors that may be predictive of these profiles. Methods: We report on data from DHH children aged 0–66 months who are participants of a longitudinal child hearing databank in Victoria, Australia. Developmental profiles were measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) across five domains (communication, gross motor, fine motor, personal social and problem solving). We reported descriptive statistics and used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and determined which characteristics were associated with below cut‐off ASQ scores. Results: Caregivers of 882 children aged 0–66 months completed the ASQ between 2012 and 2022. A considerable proportion of children scored below their developmental expectations for age with 35% below ASQ cut‐off for communication, 24% fine motor, 23% problem solving, 21% gross motor and 20% personal social. Children with a mild degree of hearing loss scored below cut‐off ranging from 16% to 26% across the domains. Predictive factors for below cut‐off development included admission to neonatal intensive care, extreme prematurity, infection requiring intravenous antibiotics and having more than one comorbidity for all domains. Bilateral hearing loss, cochlear implant use, jaundice requiring treatment and seizures were associated with communication delays. Cochlear implant use was a protective factor for gross motor development. Conclusions: Early developmental screening is vital for DHH children, as these children have multiple developmental needs. Degree of hearing loss does not predict overall development; however, children with a mild degree of hearing loss can have developmental impairments and benefit from developmental monitoring. Early targeted intervention to support DHH children is imperative in maximizing their functional abilities and well‐being. Summary: Deaf and hard of hearing children may have additional developmental disabilities and comorbidities, and early intervention supports their development.This paper provides insights into the specific factors that influence development in young deaf and hard of hearing children drawn from a large sample of universally early‐identified children.All deaf and hard of hearing children should receive developmental monitoring, including children with mild hearing loss. Developmental monitoring should target deaf and hard of hearing children who were born premature, those who received early medical interventions at birth and those with medical comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Child: Care, Health & Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Developmental Profiles of Young Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Their Associated Predictors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zehnwirth%2C+Natalie%22">Zehnwirth, Natalie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smith%2C+Libby%22">Smith, Libby</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shepherd%2C+Daisy A%2E%22">Shepherd, Daisy A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sung%2C+Valerie%22">Sung, Valerie</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Child%3A+Care%2C+Health+%26+Development%22">Child: Care, Health & Development</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1-13. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+development+deviations+--+Risk+factors%22">Child development deviations -- Risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+ability%22">Motor ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cochlear+implants%22">Cochlear implants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deafness+in+children%22">Deafness in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Problem+solving%22">Problem solving</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+development%22">Child development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Communication%22">Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+skills%22">Social skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quality+of+life%22">Quality of life</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hard+of+hearing+people%22">Hard of hearing people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Caregiver+attitudes%22">Caregiver attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Well-being%22">Well-being</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Victoria%22">Victoria</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Concomitant developmental disability is common in deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children. We describe the early developmental profiles of DHH children and explore factors that may be predictive of these profiles. Methods: We report on data from DHH children aged 0–66 months who are participants of a longitudinal child hearing databank in Victoria, Australia. Developmental profiles were measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) across five domains (communication, gross motor, fine motor, personal social and problem solving). We reported descriptive statistics and used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and determined which characteristics were associated with below cut‐off ASQ scores. Results: Caregivers of 882 children aged 0–66 months completed the ASQ between 2012 and 2022. A considerable proportion of children scored below their developmental expectations for age with 35% below ASQ cut‐off for communication, 24% fine motor, 23% problem solving, 21% gross motor and 20% personal social. Children with a mild degree of hearing loss scored below cut‐off ranging from 16% to 26% across the domains. Predictive factors for below cut‐off development included admission to neonatal intensive care, extreme prematurity, infection requiring intravenous antibiotics and having more than one comorbidity for all domains. Bilateral hearing loss, cochlear implant use, jaundice requiring treatment and seizures were associated with communication delays. Cochlear implant use was a protective factor for gross motor development. Conclusions: Early developmental screening is vital for DHH children, as these children have multiple developmental needs. Degree of hearing loss does not predict overall development; however, children with a mild degree of hearing loss can have developmental impairments and benefit from developmental monitoring. Early targeted intervention to support DHH children is imperative in maximizing their functional abilities and well‐being. Summary: Deaf and hard of hearing children may have additional developmental disabilities and comorbidities, and early intervention supports their development.This paper provides insights into the specific factors that influence development in young deaf and hard of hearing children drawn from a large sample of universally early‐identified children.All deaf and hard of hearing children should receive developmental monitoring, including children with mild hearing loss. Developmental monitoring should target deaf and hard of hearing children who were born premature, those who received early medical interventions at birth and those with medical comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Child: Care, Health & Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=187022026
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/cch.70129
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Child development deviations -- Risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Motor ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cochlear implants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deafness in children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Logistic regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Problem solving
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Communication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social skills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quality of life
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hard of hearing people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Caregiver attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Well-being
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Victoria
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Developmental Profiles of Young Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Their Associated Predictors.
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            NameFull: Zehnwirth, Natalie
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            NameFull: Smith, Libby
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 51
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            – TitleFull: Child: Care, Health & Development
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