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Transgender History, Part II: A Brief History of Medical and Surgical Gender‐Affirming Care.

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Title: Transgender History, Part II: A Brief History of Medical and Surgical Gender‐Affirming Care.
Authors: Oles, Norah (AUTHOR), Fontenele, Rodrigo (AUTHOR), Abi Zeid Daou, Margarita (AUTHOR)
Source: Behavioral Sciences & the Law. Aug/Sep2025, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p351-356. 6p.
Subjects: Gender affirming care, Medical care, Patient-centered care, United States. Dept. of Health & Human Services, LGBTQ+ history, Health services accessibility, Surgery practice
Abstract: The history of gender‐affirming care (GAC) dates back millennia. Ancient records acknowledged gender variance and early attempts at medical/surgical treatment. The twentieth century saw significant advancements in GAC, particularly in the success of gender‐affirming surgeries. The emergence of centers like the Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic in the 1970s marked a turning point in GAC's recognition and acceptance. However, their sudden closure after just a few years hampered progress in GAC for the next several decades. In 2014, the Department of Health and Human Services overturned its prohibition on Medicare coverage for gender‐affirming surgery, leading to greater access. The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) guidelines have played a significant role in shaping contemporary GAC. The Standards of Care 8 (2022) emphasises patient‐centered care and guideline flexibility. While challenges have marked the historical trajectory of GAC, it has also witnessed significant evolution which we review in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Behavioral Sciences & the Law is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Transgender History, Part II: A Brief History of Medical and Surgical Gender‐Affirming Care.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oles%2C+Norah%22">Oles, Norah</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fontenele%2C+Rodrigo%22">Fontenele, Rodrigo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abi+Zeid+Daou%2C+Margarita%22">Abi Zeid Daou, Margarita</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Behavioral+Sciences+%26+the+Law%22">Behavioral Sciences & the Law</searchLink>. Aug/Sep2025, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p351-356. 6p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+affirming+care%22">Gender affirming care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+care%22">Medical care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patient-centered+care%22">Patient-centered care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%2E+Dept%2E+of+Health+%26+Human+Services%22">United States. Dept. of Health & Human Services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LGBTQ%2B+history%22">LGBTQ+ history</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+services+accessibility%22">Health services accessibility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surgery+practice%22">Surgery practice</searchLink>
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  Data: The history of gender‐affirming care (GAC) dates back millennia. Ancient records acknowledged gender variance and early attempts at medical/surgical treatment. The twentieth century saw significant advancements in GAC, particularly in the success of gender‐affirming surgeries. The emergence of centers like the Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic in the 1970s marked a turning point in GAC's recognition and acceptance. However, their sudden closure after just a few years hampered progress in GAC for the next several decades. In 2014, the Department of Health and Human Services overturned its prohibition on Medicare coverage for gender‐affirming surgery, leading to greater access. The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) guidelines have played a significant role in shaping contemporary GAC. The Standards of Care 8 (2022) emphasises patient‐centered care and guideline flexibility. While challenges have marked the historical trajectory of GAC, it has also witnessed significant evolution which we review in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Behavioral Sciences & the Law is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/bsl.2719
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Patient-centered care
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      – SubjectFull: United States. Dept. of Health & Human Services
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      – SubjectFull: LGBTQ+ history
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      – SubjectFull: Health services accessibility
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      – SubjectFull: Surgery practice
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      – TitleFull: Transgender History, Part II: A Brief History of Medical and Surgical Gender‐Affirming Care.
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            NameFull: Abi Zeid Daou, Margarita
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug/Sep2025
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              Y: 2025
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