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Effects of temperature on the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda.

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Title: Effects of temperature on the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda.
Authors: Liu, Wei (AUTHOR), Song, Shui‐Lin (AUTHOR), Huang, Li‐Li (AUTHOR), Ge, Hong‐Bin (AUTHOR), Xue, Fang‐Sen (AUTHOR), He, Hai‐Min (AUTHOR)
Source: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. Sep2025, Vol. 173 Issue 9, p942-950. 9p.
Subjects: Temperature, Sexual dimorphism, Ontogeny, Larvae, Physiology, Fall armyworm
Abstract: To date, the ontogeny of insect sexual size dimorphism (SSD) remains poorly understood. In particular, we do not know whether size differences between sexes might change with rearing temperature. Based on a thorough understanding of the life‐history traits of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), here, we investigated the ontogeny of SSD by measuring larval mass daily during development at 22 and 28°C. We found that temperature significantly influenced SSD ontogeny. Thus, the growth trajectory at 22°C showed that SSD began between the third instar of larval development and the pupal stage but was not manifest at 28°C. The significant difference in larval mass between sexes reared at 22°C was due to the longer duration of the developmental time of males, whereas the disappearance of SSD at 28°C was mainly attributed to both the longer developmental time of female larvae and the higher growth rate of males. Sexual dimorphism in growth rate was observed at both temperatures, being significantly higher in females than in males at 22°C, over the first 6 days before pupation. Conversely, it was significantly higher in males than in females over the first 5 days before pupation, at 28°C. Unlike female‐biased insects, FAW individuals showed a decrease in SSD from the pupal to adult stages, as male pupae took significantly longer to develop than female pupae, resulting in males losing more weight than females at the time of eclosion. Consequently, females were larger than males at the adult stage. Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between larval developmental time and larval mass, as well as between larval mass and wingspan. These findings pave the way for further research on insect SSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 187278399
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Effects of temperature on the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Wei%22">Liu, Wei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Song%2C+Shui‐Lin%22">Song, Shui‐Lin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Li‐Li%22">Huang, Li‐Li</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ge%2C+Hong‐Bin%22">Ge, Hong‐Bin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xue%2C+Fang‐Sen%22">Xue, Fang‐Sen</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22He%2C+Hai‐Min%22">He, Hai‐Min</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Entomologia+Experimentalis+et+Applicata%22">Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 173 Issue 9, p942-950. 9p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature%22">Temperature</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexual+dimorphism%22">Sexual dimorphism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ontogeny%22">Ontogeny</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Larvae%22">Larvae</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiology%22">Physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fall+armyworm%22">Fall armyworm</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To date, the ontogeny of insect sexual size dimorphism (SSD) remains poorly understood. In particular, we do not know whether size differences between sexes might change with rearing temperature. Based on a thorough understanding of the life‐history traits of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), here, we investigated the ontogeny of SSD by measuring larval mass daily during development at 22 and 28°C. We found that temperature significantly influenced SSD ontogeny. Thus, the growth trajectory at 22°C showed that SSD began between the third instar of larval development and the pupal stage but was not manifest at 28°C. The significant difference in larval mass between sexes reared at 22°C was due to the longer duration of the developmental time of males, whereas the disappearance of SSD at 28°C was mainly attributed to both the longer developmental time of female larvae and the higher growth rate of males. Sexual dimorphism in growth rate was observed at both temperatures, being significantly higher in females than in males at 22°C, over the first 6 days before pupation. Conversely, it was significantly higher in males than in females over the first 5 days before pupation, at 28°C. Unlike female‐biased insects, FAW individuals showed a decrease in SSD from the pupal to adult stages, as male pupae took significantly longer to develop than female pupae, resulting in males losing more weight than females at the time of eclosion. Consequently, females were larger than males at the adult stage. Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between larval developmental time and larval mass, as well as between larval mass and wingspan. These findings pave the way for further research on insect SSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/eea.13603
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 942
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      – SubjectFull: Temperature
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sexual dimorphism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ontogeny
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      – SubjectFull: Physiology
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      – SubjectFull: Fall armyworm
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effects of temperature on the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda.
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            NameFull: Song, Shui‐Lin
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
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              Y: 2025
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