View in EDS HTML Full Text PDF Full Text

Hoping and waiting for rescue: Concepts, scale development and process.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Hoping and waiting for rescue: Concepts, scale development and process.
Authors: Gilbert, Paul, Basran, Jaskaran, Plowright, Ptarmigan, Morter, Kelly, Schofield, Malcolm B., Gilbert, Jean
Source: Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice. Sep2025, Vol. 98 Issue 3, p799-820. 22p.
Subjects: Self-evaluation, Psychotherapy patients, Emotion regulation, Psychological distress, Mental health, Parent-child relationships, Research evaluation, Help-seeking behavior, Parenting, Psychological adaptation, Experimental design, Experience, Social context, Research methodology, Psychometrics, Statistical reliability, Social support, Interpersonal relations, Factor analysis, Hope, Patients' attitudes, Psychosocial factors, Self-perception
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom
Abstract: Background: It is clinically recognised that some people find it difficult to engage with, or commit to, self‐help for life difficulties. This may be due to various reasons such as experiences of helplessness, feeling overwhelmed and lacking skills, and low confidence in the process. Another reason can be beliefs of 'needing others' to bring change about; that they are not able to do it for themselves and are 'hoping and waiting' for others to 'rescue' them. Objectives: This study developed a new self‐report scale to explore people's experiences of hoping and waiting to be rescued from distressing mental states. Second, we sought to explore how this orientation links to mental health, social relating, early life experiences, and emotion dysregulation. Methods: The scale comprised 18 items derived from clinical experiences and was completed online by two general population samples from the United Kingdom (total n = 445). Participants also completed measures of emotion dysregulation, reassurance‐seeking, depression, anxiety, stress, self‐other relating, social comparison, social safeness, early memories of warmth and parental bonding. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a good factor structure that separated into two key themes: 1. Hoping and waiting for rescue from others and 2. Self‐reliance. Hoping and waiting for rescue was negatively correlated with self‐reliance. It was also correlated with parental over‐protection (but not care), lack of feeling socially safe, higher reassurance‐seeking, depression, anxiety, stress, and emotion dysregulation. Network analysis revealed a stable network in which hoping and waiting for rescue is a central node with direct connections to variables of mental health, social relating, and early life experiences. The scales demonstrated good test–retest reliability and internal consistency. Conclusions: This study suggests that individuals who feel they need others to rescue them from distressing mental states are less oriented to self‐reliance and self‐help. Moreover, this coping style is associated with a range of mental health difficulties. Therapists can be alert to these difficulties regarding why clients might not engage in self‐help and help clients address them, including linking them to other issues such as unprocessed emotions associated with early attachment difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
Full text is not displayed to guests.
FullText Links:
  – Type: pdflink
Text:
  Availability: 1
Header DbId: pbh
DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 187310463
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Hoping and waiting for rescue: Concepts, scale development and process.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gilbert%2C+Paul%22">Gilbert, Paul</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Basran%2C+Jaskaran%22">Basran, Jaskaran</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Plowright%2C+Ptarmigan%22">Plowright, Ptarmigan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morter%2C+Kelly%22">Morter, Kelly</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schofield%2C+Malcolm+B%2E%22">Schofield, Malcolm B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gilbert%2C+Jean%22">Gilbert, Jean</searchLink>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychology+%26+Psychotherapy%3A+Theory%2C+Research+%26+Practice%22">Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 98 Issue 3, p799-820. 22p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-evaluation%22">Self-evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychotherapy+patients%22">Psychotherapy patients</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotion+regulation%22">Emotion regulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+distress%22">Psychological distress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health%22">Mental health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent-child+relationships%22">Parent-child relationships</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+evaluation%22">Research evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Help-seeking+behavior%22">Help-seeking behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parenting%22">Parenting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+adaptation%22">Psychological adaptation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experience%22">Experience</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+context%22">Social context</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+reliability%22">Statistical reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+support%22">Social support</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+relations%22">Interpersonal relations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+analysis%22">Factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hope%22">Hope</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patients'+attitudes%22">Patients' attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychosocial+factors%22">Psychosocial factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-perception%22">Self-perception</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom%22">United Kingdom</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: It is clinically recognised that some people find it difficult to engage with, or commit to, self‐help for life difficulties. This may be due to various reasons such as experiences of helplessness, feeling overwhelmed and lacking skills, and low confidence in the process. Another reason can be beliefs of 'needing others' to bring change about; that they are not able to do it for themselves and are 'hoping and waiting' for others to 'rescue' them. Objectives: This study developed a new self‐report scale to explore people's experiences of hoping and waiting to be rescued from distressing mental states. Second, we sought to explore how this orientation links to mental health, social relating, early life experiences, and emotion dysregulation. Methods: The scale comprised 18 items derived from clinical experiences and was completed online by two general population samples from the United Kingdom (total n = 445). Participants also completed measures of emotion dysregulation, reassurance‐seeking, depression, anxiety, stress, self‐other relating, social comparison, social safeness, early memories of warmth and parental bonding. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a good factor structure that separated into two key themes: 1. Hoping and waiting for rescue from others and 2. Self‐reliance. Hoping and waiting for rescue was negatively correlated with self‐reliance. It was also correlated with parental over‐protection (but not care), lack of feeling socially safe, higher reassurance‐seeking, depression, anxiety, stress, and emotion dysregulation. Network analysis revealed a stable network in which hoping and waiting for rescue is a central node with direct connections to variables of mental health, social relating, and early life experiences. The scales demonstrated good test–retest reliability and internal consistency. Conclusions: This study suggests that individuals who feel they need others to rescue them from distressing mental states are less oriented to self‐reliance and self‐help. Moreover, this coping style is associated with a range of mental health difficulties. Therapists can be alert to these difficulties regarding why clients might not engage in self‐help and help clients address them, including linking them to other issues such as unprocessed emotions associated with early attachment difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=187310463
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/papt.12588
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 799
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Self-evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychotherapy patients
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotion regulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological distress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent-child relationships
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Help-seeking behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parenting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological adaptation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experience
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social context
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical reliability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social support
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interpersonal relations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hope
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Patients' attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Hoping and waiting for rescue: Concepts, scale development and process.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Gilbert, Paul
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Basran, Jaskaran
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Plowright, Ptarmigan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Morter, Kelly
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Schofield, Malcolm B.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Gilbert, Jean
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 14760835
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 98
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice
              Type: main
ResultId 1