View in EDS HTML Full Text PDF Full Text

Cognitive offloading bias in primary and secondary school students and its relationship with metacognitive monitoring.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Cognitive offloading bias in primary and secondary school students and its relationship with metacognitive monitoring.
Authors: Sun, Jiayue, Wang, Yanan, Hu, Zunyun, Liu, Yan, Sun, Yan
Source: British Journal of Developmental Psychology. Sep2025, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p645-659. 15p.
Subjects: Statistical power analysis, Cognitive testing, Research funding, Memory bias, High school students, Encyclopedias & dictionaries, Descriptive statistics, Age distribution, Research bias, Experimental design, School children, Memory, Health care reminder systems, Judgment (Psychology)
Geographic Terms: China
Abstract: Individuals often use external aids to assist with information storage, a process known as cognitive offloading. Prior research has indicated that adults sometimes fail to utilize internal and external cognitive resources judiciously, resulting in cognitive offloading bias, which is often linked to metacognition. However, it remains experimentally unverified whether primary and secondary school students exhibit cognitive offloading bias and how this relates to metacognition. This study aimed to address these gaps. In Experiment 1, we examined cognitive offloading bias in primary and secondary school students (aged 7–15 years) using a word‐pair memory task. The results revealed that primary school students tended to rely excessively on internal memory in comparison to the optimal strategy, while secondary school students leaned towards an overreliance on external reminders. In Experiment 2, we incorporated metacognitive judgements to explore the relationship between metacognition and cognitive offloading bias. Results indicated that the cognitive offloading bias observed in primary school students was linked to the accuracy of their metacognitive monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of British Journal of Developmental Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
Full text is not displayed to guests.
FullText Links:
  – Type: pdflink
Text:
  Availability: 1
Header DbId: pbh
DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 187390892
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Cognitive offloading bias in primary and secondary school students and its relationship with metacognitive monitoring.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Jiayue%22">Sun, Jiayue</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yanan%22">Wang, Yanan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Zunyun%22">Hu, Zunyun</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yan%22">Liu, Yan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Yan%22">Sun, Yan</searchLink>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22British+Journal+of+Developmental+Psychology%22">British Journal of Developmental Psychology</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p645-659. 15p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+power+analysis%22">Statistical power analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+testing%22">Cognitive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory+bias%22">Memory bias</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+school+students%22">High school students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Encyclopedias+%26+dictionaries%22">Encyclopedias & dictionaries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+bias%22">Research bias</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+children%22">School children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+care+reminder+systems%22">Health care reminder systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Judgment+%28Psychology%29%22">Judgment (Psychology)</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Individuals often use external aids to assist with information storage, a process known as cognitive offloading. Prior research has indicated that adults sometimes fail to utilize internal and external cognitive resources judiciously, resulting in cognitive offloading bias, which is often linked to metacognition. However, it remains experimentally unverified whether primary and secondary school students exhibit cognitive offloading bias and how this relates to metacognition. This study aimed to address these gaps. In Experiment 1, we examined cognitive offloading bias in primary and secondary school students (aged 7–15 years) using a word‐pair memory task. The results revealed that primary school students tended to rely excessively on internal memory in comparison to the optimal strategy, while secondary school students leaned towards an overreliance on external reminders. In Experiment 2, we incorporated metacognitive judgements to explore the relationship between metacognition and cognitive offloading bias. Results indicated that the cognitive offloading bias observed in primary school students was linked to the accuracy of their metacognitive monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of British Journal of Developmental Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=187390892
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/bjdp.12540
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 645
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Statistical power analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Memory bias
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High school students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Encyclopedias & dictionaries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research bias
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health care reminder systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Judgment (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Cognitive offloading bias in primary and secondary school students and its relationship with metacognitive monitoring.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sun, Jiayue
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wang, Yanan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hu, Zunyun
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Liu, Yan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sun, Yan
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 0261510X
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 43
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: British Journal of Developmental Psychology
              Type: main
ResultId 1