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Can response to ADHD medication be predicted?

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Title: Can response to ADHD medication be predicted?
Authors: Lilja, Maria M., Lichtenstein, Paul, Serlachius, Eva, Bhagia, Jyoti, Malmberg, Kerstin, Malm, Christer, Lenhard, Fabian, Halldner, Linda
Source: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Aug2025, Vol. 34 Issue 8, p2431-2442. 12p.
Subjects: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Research funding, Central nervous system stimulants, Logistic regression analysis, Questionnaires, Treatment effectiveness, Anxiety, Pediatrics, Longitudinal method, Comparative studies, Anthropometry, Intelligence tests, Evaluation
Abstract: Predictors for the pharmacological effect of ADHD medication in children and adolescents are lacking. This study examined clinically relevant factors in a large (N = 638) prospective cohort reflecting real-world evidence. Children and adolescents aged 6–17 diagnosed with ADHD were evaluated at baseline and three months following ADHD medication initiation. The outcome was measured as a reduction in total SNAP-IV (Swanson Nolan and Pelham teacher and parent rating scale) score at three months compared to baseline. Outcome groups were defined as Responders (≥ 40% reduction), Intermediate Responders (≥ 20 to < 40% reduction), and Non-responders (< 20% reduction). Included independent variables were the Autism Spectrum Questionnaire (ASSQ), the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), the Pediatric Side Effect Checklist (P-SEC), anthropometrics measures, geographical region, relative age, Children´s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), Intelligence quotient (IQ), pharmacological treatment initiation month, ADHD symptom severity, ADHD presentation, and psychotic-like experiences. Multinomial logistic regression suggested that ADHD symptom severity, region, relative age, and stating ADHD medication at three-month follow-up were associated with the response outcome group. However, when validating the data with Bootstrap Forest, none of the variables were significant. Thus, in our large naturalistic cohort, we could not identify any clinically relevant factors that reliably predict pharmacological treatment outcomes. Trial registration: NCT02136147. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Predictors for the pharmacological effect of ADHD medication in children and adolescents are lacking. This study examined clinically relevant factors in a large (N = 638) prospective cohort reflecting real-world evidence. Children and adolescents aged 6–17 diagnosed with ADHD were evaluated at baseline and three months following ADHD medication initiation. The outcome was measured as a reduction in total SNAP-IV (Swanson Nolan and Pelham teacher and parent rating scale) score at three months compared to baseline. Outcome groups were defined as Responders (≥ 40% reduction), Intermediate Responders (≥ 20 to &lt; 40% reduction), and Non-responders (&lt; 20% reduction). Included independent variables were the Autism Spectrum Questionnaire (ASSQ), the Spence Children&#39;s Anxiety Scale (SCAS), the Pediatric Side Effect Checklist (P-SEC), anthropometrics measures, geographical region, relative age, Children&#180;s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), Intelligence quotient (IQ), pharmacological treatment initiation month, ADHD symptom severity, ADHD presentation, and psychotic-like experiences. Multinomial logistic regression suggested that ADHD symptom severity, region, relative age, and stating ADHD medication at three-month follow-up were associated with the response outcome group. However, when validating the data with Bootstrap Forest, none of the variables were significant. Thus, in our large naturalistic cohort, we could not identify any clinically relevant factors that reliably predict pharmacological treatment outcomes. Trial registration: NCT02136147. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00787-025-02650-8
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Central nervous system stimulants
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      – SubjectFull: Evaluation
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      – TitleFull: Can response to ADHD medication be predicted?
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              Text: Aug2025
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              Y: 2025
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