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The development of exhaustion, cynicism, and inadequacy in general upper secondary education: perceived and received support, student engagement, and gender as predictors.

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Title: The development of exhaustion, cynicism, and inadequacy in general upper secondary education: perceived and received support, student engagement, and gender as predictors.
Authors: Söderholm, Fiia (AUTHOR), Viljaranta, Jaana (AUTHOR), Hirvonen, Riikka (AUTHOR), Tuominen, Heta (AUTHOR), Lappalainen, Kristiina (AUTHOR), Holopainen, Leena (AUTHOR)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. Oct2025, Vol. 69 Issue 6, p1271-1287. 17p.
Subjects: Psychological burnout, Cynicism, Secondary education, Educational support, Gender differences (Sociology), Student engagement, Growth curves (Statistics), Fatigue (Physiology)
Abstract: This study contributes to understanding the long-term development of burnout dimensions across students in general upper secondary education and of support, engagement, and gender as factors that contribute to this development. The study followed Finnish academic track students (N = 210) over three years to examine the development of three burnout dimensions (exhaustion, cynicism, inadequacy) and the predictors of these dimensions using latent growth modeling. The findings revealed that cynicism and inadequacy increased, while exhaustion remained stable; moreover, the three dimensions were strongly interrelated. Perceived support negatively predicted initial burnout levels, affective engagement negatively affected exhaustion and inadequacy, and cognitive engagement negatively affected cynicism. Further, girls reported higher exhaustion and inadequacy than boys. The findings yielded new insight on the importance of perceived support as an antecedent of burnout – sufficient and continuous support can help to reduce and prevent burnout among these students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The development of exhaustion, cynicism, and inadequacy in general upper secondary education: perceived and received support, student engagement, and gender as predictors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Söderholm%2C+Fiia%22">Söderholm, Fiia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Viljaranta%2C+Jaana%22">Viljaranta, Jaana</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hirvonen%2C+Riikka%22">Hirvonen, Riikka</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tuominen%2C+Heta%22">Tuominen, Heta</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lappalainen%2C+Kristiina%22">Lappalainen, Kristiina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holopainen%2C+Leena%22">Holopainen, Leena</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Scandinavian+Journal+of+Educational+Research%22">Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 69 Issue 6, p1271-1287. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+burnout%22">Psychological burnout</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cynicism%22">Cynicism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+education%22">Secondary education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+support%22">Educational support</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+differences+%28Sociology%29%22">Gender differences (Sociology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+engagement%22">Student engagement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Growth+curves+%28Statistics%29%22">Growth curves (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fatigue+%28Physiology%29%22">Fatigue (Physiology)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: This study contributes to understanding the long-term development of burnout dimensions across students in general upper secondary education and of support, engagement, and gender as factors that contribute to this development. The study followed Finnish academic track students (N = 210) over three years to examine the development of three burnout dimensions (exhaustion, cynicism, inadequacy) and the predictors of these dimensions using latent growth modeling. The findings revealed that cynicism and inadequacy increased, while exhaustion remained stable; moreover, the three dimensions were strongly interrelated. Perceived support negatively predicted initial burnout levels, affective engagement negatively affected exhaustion and inadequacy, and cognitive engagement negatively affected cynicism. Further, girls reported higher exhaustion and inadequacy than boys. The findings yielded new insight on the importance of perceived support as an antecedent of burnout – sufficient and continuous support can help to reduce and prevent burnout among these students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=188100223
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00313831.2024.2419066
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
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      – SubjectFull: Psychological burnout
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cynicism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational support
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      – SubjectFull: Gender differences (Sociology)
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      – SubjectFull: Student engagement
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      – SubjectFull: Growth curves (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Fatigue (Physiology)
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The development of exhaustion, cynicism, and inadequacy in general upper secondary education: perceived and received support, student engagement, and gender as predictors.
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            NameFull: Söderholm, Fiia
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              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
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