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Launching by cavitation.

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Title: Launching by cavitation.
Authors: Wang, Dalei, Liu, Zixiao, Zhao, Hongping, Qin, Huanqi, Bai, Gongxun, Chen, Chi, Shi, Pengju, Du, Yingjie, Zhao, Yusen, Liu, Wei, Wang, Dan, Zhou, Guoquan, He, Ximin, Dai, Chaoqing
Source: Science. 8/28/2025, Vol. 389 Issue 6763, p935-939. 5p.
Subjects: Cavitation, Actuators, Kinetic energy, Robotics, Infrared heating
Abstract: Cavitation, characterized by formation of vapor bubbles in a low-pressure or high-temperature region of a liquid, is often destructive, but it can be harnessed for actuators and robots. We exploit cavitation to accumulate substantial energy in superheated liquids by suppressing its immediate release until reaching a stability limit. The energetic, unstable bubbles collapse violently, producing a burst of high power and force that initiates motion. Notably, a millimeter-scale device launched by cavitation can jump to a height of 1.5 meters—reaching a 12 meters per second (m/s) peak velocity, a 7.14 × 104 m/s2 acceleration, and a 0.64% energy efficiency—and can also swim on water at 12 centimeters per second. Cavitation-based launching works with a broad range of device materials, liquid media, stimuli, and operational environments. Editor's summary: Rapid motions, such as jumping, require the fast conversion of a large amount of potential energy into kinetic energy. For a robotic system, this can tax the limits of the onboard power supply. Wang et al. designed a method to launch a robot that uses focused near-infrared heating, ultrasound, or electrical sparks to remotely initiate the growth and catastrophic collapse of cavitation bubbles. Key to the design is the suppression of bubble release until a stability limit is reached, allowing the energy contained therein to be harnessed upon the bubbles' violent collapse. The authors show that, in addition to jumping, the same approach can be used to power the swimming of a robot. They also demonstrate that this concept works for a range of materials, liquids, and operating environments. —Marc S. Lavine [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Launching by cavitation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Dalei%22">Wang, Dalei</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Zixiao%22">Liu, Zixiao</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Hongping%22">Zhao, Hongping</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qin%2C+Huanqi%22">Qin, Huanqi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bai%2C+Gongxun%22">Bai, Gongxun</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Chi%22">Chen, Chi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shi%2C+Pengju%22">Shi, Pengju</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Du%2C+Yingjie%22">Du, Yingjie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Yusen%22">Zhao, Yusen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Wei%22">Liu, Wei</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Dan%22">Wang, Dan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Guoquan%22">Zhou, Guoquan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22He%2C+Ximin%22">He, Ximin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dai%2C+Chaoqing%22">Dai, Chaoqing</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 8/28/2025, Vol. 389 Issue 6763, p935-939. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cavitation%22">Cavitation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Actuators%22">Actuators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kinetic+energy%22">Kinetic energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Robotics%22">Robotics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infrared+heating%22">Infrared heating</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Cavitation, characterized by formation of vapor bubbles in a low-pressure or high-temperature region of a liquid, is often destructive, but it can be harnessed for actuators and robots. We exploit cavitation to accumulate substantial energy in superheated liquids by suppressing its immediate release until reaching a stability limit. The energetic, unstable bubbles collapse violently, producing a burst of high power and force that initiates motion. Notably, a millimeter-scale device launched by cavitation can jump to a height of 1.5 meters—reaching a 12 meters per second (m/s) peak velocity, a 7.14 × 104 m/s2 acceleration, and a 0.64% energy efficiency—and can also swim on water at 12 centimeters per second. Cavitation-based launching works with a broad range of device materials, liquid media, stimuli, and operational environments. Editor's summary: Rapid motions, such as jumping, require the fast conversion of a large amount of potential energy into kinetic energy. For a robotic system, this can tax the limits of the onboard power supply. Wang et al. designed a method to launch a robot that uses focused near-infrared heating, ultrasound, or electrical sparks to remotely initiate the growth and catastrophic collapse of cavitation bubbles. Key to the design is the suppression of bubble release until a stability limit is reached, allowing the energy contained therein to be harnessed upon the bubbles' violent collapse. The authors show that, in addition to jumping, the same approach can be used to power the swimming of a robot. They also demonstrate that this concept works for a range of materials, liquids, and operating environments. —Marc S. Lavine [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=188103554
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        Value: 10.1126/science.adu8943
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Cavitation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Actuators
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      – SubjectFull: Kinetic energy
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      – SubjectFull: Infrared heating
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      – TitleFull: Launching by cavitation.
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              Text: 8/28/2025
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