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The forearc seismic belt: A fluid pathway constraining down-dip megathrust earthquake rupture.

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Title: The forearc seismic belt: A fluid pathway constraining down-dip megathrust earthquake rupture.
Authors: Suzuki, Rintaroh, Uchida, Naoki, Zhu, Weiqiang, Beroza, Gregory C., Nakayama, Takashi, Yoshida, Keisuke, Toyokuni, Genti, Takagi, Ryota, Azuma, Ryosuke, Hasegawa, Akira
Source: Science. 7/10/2025, Vol. 389 Issue 6756, p190-194. 5p.
Subjects: Earthquakes, Seismic waves, Seismic networks, Ocean bottom, Plate tectonics
Abstract: A portion of fluids subducted in an oceanic plate is thought to return to Earth's surface and has the potential to influence faulting during that migration. We used machine learning to detect and locate earthquakes in the northeast Japan forearc using data from a cabled ocean-bottom seismic network. That seismicity shows vertical distributions extending from the subducted plate to near the sea floor. The "forearc seismic belt" corresponds to the seismicity assumed to result from fluid supply from the underlying plate to the forearc and may also act to constrain the down-dip limit of megathrust rupture. The zone of high seismicity continues inland under metropolitan Tokyo, aligning with the Boso slow slip events and the eastern edge of the1923 Kanto earthquake, supporting forecasts of shallow damaging earthquakes. Editor's summary: Subsurface fluids are known to trigger earthquakes through engineering and in nature. For the latter, the effect of fluids on seismicity above subduction zones is of particular interest for populated areas where megathrust earthquakes are known to occur, such as Japan. A machine-learning analysis of earthquake data from ocean-bottom cables led Suzuki et al. to define a belt of relatively shallow seismic activity caused by fluids coming off the subducted Pacific plate. This belt includes the area beneath Tokyo and helps to explain the region's high seismic activity relative to the rest of Japan. —Angela Hessler [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The forearc seismic belt: A fluid pathway constraining down-dip megathrust earthquake rupture.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suzuki%2C+Rintaroh%22">Suzuki, Rintaroh</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Uchida%2C+Naoki%22">Uchida, Naoki</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Weiqiang%22">Zhu, Weiqiang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beroza%2C+Gregory+C%2E%22">Beroza, Gregory C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nakayama%2C+Takashi%22">Nakayama, Takashi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yoshida%2C+Keisuke%22">Yoshida, Keisuke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Toyokuni%2C+Genti%22">Toyokuni, Genti</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Takagi%2C+Ryota%22">Takagi, Ryota</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Azuma%2C+Ryosuke%22">Azuma, Ryosuke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hasegawa%2C+Akira%22">Hasegawa, Akira</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 7/10/2025, Vol. 389 Issue 6756, p190-194. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earthquakes%22">Earthquakes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismic+waves%22">Seismic waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismic+networks%22">Seismic networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean+bottom%22">Ocean bottom</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plate+tectonics%22">Plate tectonics</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: A portion of fluids subducted in an oceanic plate is thought to return to Earth's surface and has the potential to influence faulting during that migration. We used machine learning to detect and locate earthquakes in the northeast Japan forearc using data from a cabled ocean-bottom seismic network. That seismicity shows vertical distributions extending from the subducted plate to near the sea floor. The "forearc seismic belt" corresponds to the seismicity assumed to result from fluid supply from the underlying plate to the forearc and may also act to constrain the down-dip limit of megathrust rupture. The zone of high seismicity continues inland under metropolitan Tokyo, aligning with the Boso slow slip events and the eastern edge of the1923 Kanto earthquake, supporting forecasts of shallow damaging earthquakes. Editor's summary: Subsurface fluids are known to trigger earthquakes through engineering and in nature. For the latter, the effect of fluids on seismicity above subduction zones is of particular interest for populated areas where megathrust earthquakes are known to occur, such as Japan. A machine-learning analysis of earthquake data from ocean-bottom cables led Suzuki et al. to define a belt of relatively shallow seismic activity caused by fluids coming off the subducted Pacific plate. This belt includes the area beneath Tokyo and helps to explain the region's high seismic activity relative to the rest of Japan. —Angela Hessler [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1126/science.adt6389
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Ocean bottom
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      – SubjectFull: Plate tectonics
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      – TitleFull: The forearc seismic belt: A fluid pathway constraining down-dip megathrust earthquake rupture.
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              Text: 7/10/2025
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