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Predictive Processing During Cue-Outcome Associative Learning in Autistic Children.

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Title: Predictive Processing During Cue-Outcome Associative Learning in Autistic Children.
Authors: Papastamou, Fanny (AUTHOR), Dumont, Charlotte (AUTHOR), Destrebecqz, Arnaud (AUTHOR), Kissine, Mikhail (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. Oct2025, Vol. 55 Issue 10, p3565-3581. 17p.
Subjects: Language & languages, Prompts (Psychology), Child psychopathology, Prediction models, Data analysis, Rehabilitation of autistic people, Educational outcomes, Logistic regression analysis, Descriptive statistics, Experimental design, Psychometrics, Statistics, Special education, Learning strategies, Communication education, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Eye movements, Social classes, Children
Abstract: Purpose: Predictive coding theories posit that autism is characterized by an over-adjustment to prediction errors, resulting in frequent updates of prior beliefs. Atypical weighting of prediction errors is generally considered to negatively impact the construction of stable models of the world, but may also yield beneficial effects. In a novel associative learning paradigm, we investigated whether unexpected events trigger faster learning updates in favour of subtle but fully predictive cues in autistic children compared to their non-autistic counterparts. We also explored the relationship between children's language proficiency and their predictive performances. Methods: Anticipatory fixations and explicit predictions were recorded during three associative learning tasks with deterministic or probabilistic contingencies. One of the probabilistic tasks was designed so that a fully predictive but subtle cue was overshadowed by a less predictive salient one. Results: Both autistic and non-autistic children based their learning on the salient cue, and, contrary to our predictions, showed no signs of updating in favour of the subtle cue. While both groups demonstrated associative learning, autistic children made less accurate explicit predictions than their non-autistic peers in all tasks. Explicit prediction performances were positively correlated with language proficiency in non-autistic children, but no such correlation was observed in autistic children. Conclusion: These results suggest no over-adjustment to prediction errors in autistic children and highlight the need to control for general performance in cue-outcome associative learning in predictive processing studies. Further research is needed to explore the nature of the relationship between predictive processing and language development in autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Predictive Processing During Cue-Outcome Associative Learning in Autistic Children.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Autism+%26+Developmental+Disorders%22">Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 55 Issue 10, p3565-3581. 17p.
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  Data: Purpose: Predictive coding theories posit that autism is characterized by an over-adjustment to prediction errors, resulting in frequent updates of prior beliefs. Atypical weighting of prediction errors is generally considered to negatively impact the construction of stable models of the world, but may also yield beneficial effects. In a novel associative learning paradigm, we investigated whether unexpected events trigger faster learning updates in favour of subtle but fully predictive cues in autistic children compared to their non-autistic counterparts. We also explored the relationship between children's language proficiency and their predictive performances. Methods: Anticipatory fixations and explicit predictions were recorded during three associative learning tasks with deterministic or probabilistic contingencies. One of the probabilistic tasks was designed so that a fully predictive but subtle cue was overshadowed by a less predictive salient one. Results: Both autistic and non-autistic children based their learning on the salient cue, and, contrary to our predictions, showed no signs of updating in favour of the subtle cue. While both groups demonstrated associative learning, autistic children made less accurate explicit predictions than their non-autistic peers in all tasks. Explicit prediction performances were positively correlated with language proficiency in non-autistic children, but no such correlation was observed in autistic children. Conclusion: These results suggest no over-adjustment to prediction errors in autistic children and highlight the need to control for general performance in cue-outcome associative learning in predictive processing studies. Further research is needed to explore the nature of the relationship between predictive processing and language development in autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10803-024-06448-6
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 3565
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Language & languages
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prompts (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child psychopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prediction models
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Rehabilitation of autistic people
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      – SubjectFull: Educational outcomes
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      – SubjectFull: Logistic regression analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
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      – SubjectFull: Children
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      – TitleFull: Predictive Processing During Cue-Outcome Associative Learning in Autistic Children.
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              Text: Oct2025
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              Y: 2025
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