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The Effect of Simulating the Absence of Benefits on Gratitude: Prior Expectations and Posterior Counterfactual Thinking1,2,3.

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Title: The Effect of Simulating the Absence of Benefits on Gratitude: Prior Expectations and Posterior Counterfactual Thinking1,2,3.
Authors: Yamamoto, Akitomo (AUTHOR), Higuchi, Masataka (AUTHOR)
Source: Japanese Psychological Research. Oct2025, Vol. 67 Issue 4, p437-449. 13p.
Subjects: Counterfactuals (Logic), Vignettes, Beneficiaries, Hypothesis, Gratitude, Universities & colleges
Abstract: Beneficiaries can have prior expectations of not receiving benefits and imagine ex‐post that benefits were not given. The present study examined the preregistered hypothesis that these two kinds of absence simulations increase gratitude. Both Studies 1 and 2 were conducted in a Japanese university. In Study 1, reading a manipulated vignette made participants in the absence simulation condition expect not to receive a benefit, while those in the control condition were made to expect to receive it. In Study 2, after reading a benefit‐receiving vignette, those in the absence simulation condition imagined the situation where they did not receive it, while those in the control condition again imagined receiving it. In both studies, all the participants rated their gratitude for certain fixed benefits in each vignette. Results showed that gratitude in neither of the two absence simulation conditions was higher than that of the respective control conditions, suggesting that simulating the absence of benefits does not increase gratitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Japanese Psychological Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The Effect of Simulating the Absence of Benefits on Gratitude: Prior Expectations and Posterior Counterfactual Thinking<superscript>1</superscript><superscript>,</superscript><superscript>2</superscript><superscript>,</superscript><superscript>3</superscript>.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yamamoto%2C+Akitomo%22">Yamamoto, Akitomo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Higuchi%2C+Masataka%22">Higuchi, Masataka</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Japanese+Psychological+Research%22">Japanese Psychological Research</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 67 Issue 4, p437-449. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Counterfactuals+%28Logic%29%22">Counterfactuals (Logic)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vignettes%22">Vignettes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Beneficiaries%22">Beneficiaries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypothesis%22">Hypothesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gratitude%22">Gratitude</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Universities+%26+colleges%22">Universities & colleges</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Beneficiaries can have prior expectations of not receiving benefits and imagine ex‐post that benefits were not given. The present study examined the preregistered hypothesis that these two kinds of absence simulations increase gratitude. Both Studies 1 and 2 were conducted in a Japanese university. In Study 1, reading a manipulated vignette made participants in the absence simulation condition expect not to receive a benefit, while those in the control condition were made to expect to receive it. In Study 2, after reading a benefit‐receiving vignette, those in the absence simulation condition imagined the situation where they did not receive it, while those in the control condition again imagined receiving it. In both studies, all the participants rated their gratitude for certain fixed benefits in each vignette. Results showed that gratitude in neither of the two absence simulation conditions was higher than that of the respective control conditions, suggesting that simulating the absence of benefits does not increase gratitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Japanese Psychological Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/jpr.12463
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 437
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Counterfactuals (Logic)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vignettes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Beneficiaries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypothesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gratitude
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Universities & colleges
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Effect of Simulating the Absence of Benefits on Gratitude: Prior Expectations and Posterior Counterfactual Thinking1,2,3.
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            NameFull: Yamamoto, Akitomo
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            NameFull: Higuchi, Masataka
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 67
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