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Value-Based Decision-Making and Its Relation to Cognition and Processing Noise in Young and Older Adults.

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Title: Value-Based Decision-Making and Its Relation to Cognition and Processing Noise in Young and Older Adults.
Authors: Richtmann, Anja (AUTHOR), Petzold, Johannes (AUTHOR), Glöckner, Franka (AUTHOR), Smolka, Michael N. (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Adult Development. Dec2025, Vol. 32 Issue 4, p393-405. 13p.
Subjects: Cross-sectional method, Pearson correlation (Statistics), Statistical correlation, Risk-taking behavior, Noise, Task performance, Statistical hypothesis testing, Probability theory, Delay discounting (Psychology), Decision making, Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U Test, Psychology of movement, Statistics, Research, Auditory perception, Factor analysis, Comparative studies, Confidence intervals, Data analysis software, Cognition, Algorithms, Middle age, Adults, Old age
Abstract: In all phases of life, people face decisions with important consequences. Weighing options involves using cognitive resources to assess valence, delay, and risk to achieve a desired outcome. Value-based decision-making changes over the lifespan, but studies disagree on the extent, domains, and mechanisms of this change. We assessed delay discounting, risk aversion for probabilistic gains, risk seeking for probabilistic losses, loss aversion as well as cognitive abilities, and processing noise in 86 young (25–38 years) and 93 older (63–76 years) adults. We tested whether decision-making differed between age groups and whether differences were mediated by cognitive abilities or processing noise as measured by reaction time variability and decision inconsistency. Older adults showed steeper delay discounting (p =.003) and trended towards more risk aversion for gains (p =.071). Age groups did not differ in risk seeking for losses or loss aversion. Lower decision consistency and better spatial working memory mediated older adults' steeper delay discounting. The relationship between delay discounting and age persisted when controlling for both mediators, suggesting robust age differences in delay discounting. This persistent age difference implies mechanisms beyond noise or cognitive parameters, such as changing life circumstances or limited future perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Adult Development is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Value-Based Decision-Making and Its Relation to Cognition and Processing Noise in Young and Older Adults.
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  Data: In all phases of life, people face decisions with important consequences. Weighing options involves using cognitive resources to assess valence, delay, and risk to achieve a desired outcome. Value-based decision-making changes over the lifespan, but studies disagree on the extent, domains, and mechanisms of this change. We assessed delay discounting, risk aversion for probabilistic gains, risk seeking for probabilistic losses, loss aversion as well as cognitive abilities, and processing noise in 86 young (25–38 years) and 93 older (63–76 years) adults. We tested whether decision-making differed between age groups and whether differences were mediated by cognitive abilities or processing noise as measured by reaction time variability and decision inconsistency. Older adults showed steeper delay discounting (p =.003) and trended towards more risk aversion for gains (p =.071). Age groups did not differ in risk seeking for losses or loss aversion. Lower decision consistency and better spatial working memory mediated older adults' steeper delay discounting. The relationship between delay discounting and age persisted when controlling for both mediators, suggesting robust age differences in delay discounting. This persistent age difference implies mechanisms beyond noise or cognitive parameters, such as changing life circumstances or limited future perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Adult Development is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10804-024-09504-8
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 393
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pearson correlation (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk-taking behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Noise
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Task performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical hypothesis testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Probability theory
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      – SubjectFull: Delay discounting (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Decision making
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology of movement
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Research
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      – SubjectFull: Auditory perception
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      – SubjectFull: Middle age
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      – SubjectFull: Adults
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      – SubjectFull: Old age
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Value-Based Decision-Making and Its Relation to Cognition and Processing Noise in Young and Older Adults.
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
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              Y: 2025
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