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Mental health changes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with mental disorders.

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Title: Mental health changes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with mental disorders.
Authors: Zijlmans, Josjan (AUTHOR), van Rijn, Lotte (AUTHOR), Alrouh, Hekmat (AUTHOR), Broek, Emma (AUTHOR), Luijten, Michiel (AUTHOR), Tieskens, Jacintha (AUTHOR), van der Mheen, Malindi (AUTHOR), van Oers, Hedy (AUTHOR), Cahn, Wiepke (AUTHOR), Schellekens, Arnt (AUTHOR), Bird, J.K. (AUTHOR), Buitelaar, J.K. (AUTHOR), de Vries, Y. (AUTHOR), Dekkers, T.J. (AUTHOR), Haveman, Y. (AUTHOR), Hein, I. (AUTHOR), Hoekstra, P.J. (AUTHOR), Klip, H. (AUTHOR), Lindauer, R.J.L. (AUTHOR), Luman, M. (AUTHOR)
Source: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Sep2025, Vol. 34 Issue 9, p2833-2842. 10p.
Subjects: Mental illness treatment, Education of parents, Self-evaluation, Cross-sectional method, Mental health services, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Mental health, Adolescent psychiatry, Research funding, Autism, Child psychiatry, Treatment effectiveness, Analysis of covariance, Anxiety, Psychometrics, Data analysis software, Asperger's syndrome, Sociodemographic factors, COVID-19 pandemic, Mental depression, COVID-19, Adolescence, Children
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected child and adolescent mental health, but it is unclear which subgroups were affected most. We investigated to what extent severity and type of mental health problems during and after the pandemic were related to preexisting mental disorders in children in care at child and adolescent mental health services. We employed a repeated cross-sectional design involving data collection at seven time points (April 2020 to April 2023) in a total sample of 2,545 children (age 8–18 years). We grouped diagnostic classifications in four categories: Autism, ADHD, Anxious/Depressive disorders, and 'Other'. Mental health was assessed with parent‐reported data on internalizing and externalizing problems and with self‐reported data from the standardized PROMIS questionnaires 'Anxiety', 'Depressive symptoms', 'Sleep‐related impairments', 'Anger', 'Global health', and 'Peer relations'. We tested for main effects between diagnostic categories and for different trajectories over time. We found that mental health outcomes varied substantially between diagnostic categories, with internalizing problems being largest in children with Anxious/Depressive disorders, and externalizing problems being largest in children with Autism and ADHD. However, we found no evidence for differences between diagnostic categories in trajectories in mental health outcomes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that during the pandemic mental health outcomes worsened over time in children and adolescents in care, and that this negative effect on mental health did not differ between children with different diagnostic classifications. Regular high-quality monitoring is vital to recognize changing trajectories of youth mental health and to adapt to crisis situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Mental health changes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with mental disorders.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Child+%26+Adolescent+Psychiatry%22">European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 34 Issue 9, p2833-2842. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+illness+treatment%22">Mental illness treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Education+of+parents%22">Education of parents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-evaluation%22">Self-evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health+services%22">Mental health services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health%22">Mental health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adolescent+psychiatry%22">Adolescent psychiatry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism%22">Autism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+psychiatry%22">Child psychiatry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+effectiveness%22">Treatment effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+covariance%22">Analysis of covariance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asperger's+syndrome%22">Asperger's syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociodemographic+factors%22">Sociodemographic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+pandemic%22">COVID-19 pandemic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19%22">COVID-19</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adolescence%22">Adolescence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected child and adolescent mental health, but it is unclear which subgroups were affected most. We investigated to what extent severity and type of mental health problems during and after the pandemic were related to preexisting mental disorders in children in care at child and adolescent mental health services. We employed a repeated cross-sectional design involving data collection at seven time points (April 2020 to April 2023) in a total sample of 2,545 children (age 8–18 years). We grouped diagnostic classifications in four categories: Autism, ADHD, Anxious/Depressive disorders, and 'Other'. Mental health was assessed with parent‐reported data on internalizing and externalizing problems and with self‐reported data from the standardized PROMIS questionnaires 'Anxiety', 'Depressive symptoms', 'Sleep‐related impairments', 'Anger', 'Global health', and 'Peer relations'. We tested for main effects between diagnostic categories and for different trajectories over time. We found that mental health outcomes varied substantially between diagnostic categories, with internalizing problems being largest in children with Anxious/Depressive disorders, and externalizing problems being largest in children with Autism and ADHD. However, we found no evidence for differences between diagnostic categories in trajectories in mental health outcomes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that during the pandemic mental health outcomes worsened over time in children and adolescents in care, and that this negative effect on mental health did not differ between children with different diagnostic classifications. Regular high-quality monitoring is vital to recognize changing trajectories of youth mental health and to adapt to crisis situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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