View in EDS

Opportunities for and Challenges of Pulmonary Drug Delivery in the Management of Acute Exacerbations of CNS Disorders.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Opportunities for and Challenges of Pulmonary Drug Delivery in the Management of Acute Exacerbations of CNS Disorders.
Authors: Detyniecki, Kamil (AUTHOR), Strzelczyk, Adam (AUTHOR), Roebling, Robert (AUTHOR), Laloyaux, Cedric (AUTHOR), Chanteux, Hugues (AUTHOR), Cloyd, James C. (AUTHOR)
Source: CNS Drugs. Nov2025, Vol. 39 Issue 11, p1109-1138. 30p.
Subjects: Parkinson's disease, People with epilepsy, Disease exacerbation, Neurological disorders, Investigational therapies, Metered-dose inhalers, Respiratory therapy
Abstract: Advances in pulmonary (PM) drug delivery through inhalation devices have enabled effective treatments for acute exacerbations of central nervous system (CNS) episodes, addressing previously unmet medical needs. While PM formulations of loxapine and levodopa are approved for agitation and off periods in Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively, there remains an unmet need for rapid-acting therapies for other acute exacerbations of neurologic disorders. In this review, the potential of PM delivery to address this gap in the management of acute CNS disorders is critically assessed, focusing on Staccato® loxapine for agitation, Inbrija® (levodopa) for PD, the investigational drug inhaler device Staccato® alprazolam for epilepsy, and other investigational drug inhaler devices. PM delivery benefits from bypassing first-pass metabolism, utilizing inhalation devices to enable rapid drug delivery to the densely perfused alveolar space, arterial bloodstream, and brain. However, challenges include lung tissue sensitivity, low dose volume (compared with oral and intravenous administration), and difficulties with administration during certain acute episodes. Pharmacokinetic, efficacy, and safety data from approved or investigational PM therapies for agitation, PD, epilepsy, migraine, and insomnia present inhalation as a promising option for patients requiring acute episode management by facilitating fast absorption and onset of action and generally good tolerability. In particular, for epilepsy, on-demand medication that may be administered by patients or caregivers early at seizure onset may translate to improved patient outcomes. To enhance PM management of acute exacerbations of CNS disorders, further research and user training for optimal PM administration are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of CNS Drugs is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: pbh
DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 188626958
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Opportunities for and Challenges of Pulmonary Drug Delivery in the Management of Acute Exacerbations of CNS Disorders.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Detyniecki%2C+Kamil%22">Detyniecki, Kamil</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strzelczyk%2C+Adam%22">Strzelczyk, Adam</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roebling%2C+Robert%22">Roebling, Robert</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laloyaux%2C+Cedric%22">Laloyaux, Cedric</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chanteux%2C+Hugues%22">Chanteux, Hugues</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cloyd%2C+James+C%2E%22">Cloyd, James C.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22CNS+Drugs%22">CNS Drugs</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 39 Issue 11, p1109-1138. 30p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parkinson's+disease%22">Parkinson's disease</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22People+with+epilepsy%22">People with epilepsy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+exacerbation%22">Disease exacerbation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurological+disorders%22">Neurological disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Investigational+therapies%22">Investigational therapies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metered-dose+inhalers%22">Metered-dose inhalers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Respiratory+therapy%22">Respiratory therapy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Advances in pulmonary (PM) drug delivery through inhalation devices have enabled effective treatments for acute exacerbations of central nervous system (CNS) episodes, addressing previously unmet medical needs. While PM formulations of loxapine and levodopa are approved for agitation and off periods in Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively, there remains an unmet need for rapid-acting therapies for other acute exacerbations of neurologic disorders. In this review, the potential of PM delivery to address this gap in the management of acute CNS disorders is critically assessed, focusing on Staccato® loxapine for agitation, Inbrija® (levodopa) for PD, the investigational drug inhaler device Staccato® alprazolam for epilepsy, and other investigational drug inhaler devices. PM delivery benefits from bypassing first-pass metabolism, utilizing inhalation devices to enable rapid drug delivery to the densely perfused alveolar space, arterial bloodstream, and brain. However, challenges include lung tissue sensitivity, low dose volume (compared with oral and intravenous administration), and difficulties with administration during certain acute episodes. Pharmacokinetic, efficacy, and safety data from approved or investigational PM therapies for agitation, PD, epilepsy, migraine, and insomnia present inhalation as a promising option for patients requiring acute episode management by facilitating fast absorption and onset of action and generally good tolerability. In particular, for epilepsy, on-demand medication that may be administered by patients or caregivers early at seizure onset may translate to improved patient outcomes. To enhance PM management of acute exacerbations of CNS disorders, further research and user training for optimal PM administration are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of CNS Drugs is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=188626958
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s40263-025-01213-4
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 30
        StartPage: 1109
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Parkinson's disease
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: People with epilepsy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease exacerbation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neurological disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Investigational therapies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metered-dose inhalers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Respiratory therapy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Opportunities for and Challenges of Pulmonary Drug Delivery in the Management of Acute Exacerbations of CNS Disorders.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Detyniecki, Kamil
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Strzelczyk, Adam
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Roebling, Robert
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Laloyaux, Cedric
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Chanteux, Hugues
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cloyd, James C.
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 11727047
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 39
            – Type: issue
              Value: 11
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: CNS Drugs
              Type: main
ResultId 1