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Bimaterial effect and favorable energy ratio enabled supershear rupture in the 2025 Mandalay earthquake.

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Title: Bimaterial effect and favorable energy ratio enabled supershear rupture in the 2025 Mandalay earthquake.
Authors: Xu, Liuwei (AUTHOR), Meng, Lingsen (AUTHOR), Yunjun, Zhang (AUTHOR), Yang, Yanchen (AUTHOR), Wang, Yidi (AUTHOR), Hu, Changyang (AUTHOR), Weng, Huihui (AUTHOR), Xu, Wenbin (AUTHOR), Su, Elizabeth (AUTHOR), Ji, Chen (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 10/30/2025, Vol. 390 Issue 6772, p476-481. 6p.
Subjects: Earthquakes, Geologic faults, Soil liquefaction, Ground motion, Building failures, Seismic wave studies
Geographic Terms: Myanmar
Abstract: Joint seismic and geodetic analyses revealed that the 2025 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 Mandalay, Myanmar, earthquake ruptured ~510 km of the Sagaing fault, with a sustained supershear rupture extending ~450 km on the southern branch. Far-field Mach waves and near-field ground motion confirmed the supershear nature. This exceptionally long supershear rupture caused building collapse and soil liquefaction, as observed in satellite imagery, offering insights into the damage potential of such ruptures in urban areas. Sustained supershear propagation was facilitated by the fault's linear geometry, prolonged interseismic quiescence, favorable energy ratio, and pronounced bimaterial contrasts across the fault interface. These findings underscore the roles of fault structure, stress accumulation, and material contrasts in governing rupture dynamics, demonstrating that large-scale supershear propagation can occur in interplate continental fault systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Bimaterial effect and favorable energy ratio enabled supershear rupture in the 2025 Mandalay earthquake.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Liuwei%22">Xu, Liuwei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meng%2C+Lingsen%22">Meng, Lingsen</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yunjun%2C+Zhang%22">Yunjun, Zhang</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Yanchen%22">Yang, Yanchen</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yidi%22">Wang, Yidi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Changyang%22">Hu, Changyang</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weng%2C+Huihui%22">Weng, Huihui</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Wenbin%22">Xu, Wenbin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Su%2C+Elizabeth%22">Su, Elizabeth</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ji%2C+Chen%22">Ji, Chen</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 10/30/2025, Vol. 390 Issue 6772, p476-481. 6p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earthquakes%22">Earthquakes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geologic+faults%22">Geologic faults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+liquefaction%22">Soil liquefaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ground+motion%22">Ground motion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Building+failures%22">Building failures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismic+wave+studies%22">Seismic wave studies</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Myanmar%22">Myanmar</searchLink>
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  Data: Joint seismic and geodetic analyses revealed that the 2025 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 Mandalay, Myanmar, earthquake ruptured ~510 km of the Sagaing fault, with a sustained supershear rupture extending ~450 km on the southern branch. Far-field Mach waves and near-field ground motion confirmed the supershear nature. This exceptionally long supershear rupture caused building collapse and soil liquefaction, as observed in satellite imagery, offering insights into the damage potential of such ruptures in urban areas. Sustained supershear propagation was facilitated by the fault's linear geometry, prolonged interseismic quiescence, favorable energy ratio, and pronounced bimaterial contrasts across the fault interface. These findings underscore the roles of fault structure, stress accumulation, and material contrasts in governing rupture dynamics, demonstrating that large-scale supershear propagation can occur in interplate continental fault systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1126/science.ady6100
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 476
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Earthquakes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geologic faults
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil liquefaction
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      – SubjectFull: Ground motion
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      – SubjectFull: Building failures
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      – SubjectFull: Seismic wave studies
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      – SubjectFull: Myanmar
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Bimaterial effect and favorable energy ratio enabled supershear rupture in the 2025 Mandalay earthquake.
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            – D: 30
              M: 10
              Text: 10/30/2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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