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Phonological Development in 3–6-Year-Old Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism, Developmental Delays, and Typical Development.

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Title: Phonological Development in 3–6-Year-Old Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism, Developmental Delays, and Typical Development.
Authors: Liu, Min (AUTHOR), Han, Jinhe (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yuexin (AUTHOR), Wen, Jieling (AUTHOR), Wang, Yanxia (AUTHOR), Hu, Xinyu (AUTHOR), Sun, Mudi (AUTHOR), Qu, Lu (AUTHOR), Han, Xuling (AUTHOR), Xu, Lian (AUTHOR), Zhao, Hang (AUTHOR), Lu, Haidan (AUTHOR), Liu, Qiaoyun (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. Dec2025, Vol. 55 Issue 12, p4312-4323. 12p.
Subjects: Asperger's syndrome in children, Play, Cross-sectional method, Autism in children, Speech, Children with disabilities, Grammar, Data analysis, Research funding, Phonological awareness, Parent-child relationships, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Verbal behavior testing, Descriptive statistics, Games, Child development deviations, Child development, Communication, Medical coding, One-way analysis of variance, Statistics, Phonetics, Comparative studies, Data analysis software, Language acquisition, Phonology, Articulation (Speech), Nonparametric statistics
Geographic Terms: China
Abstract: Research on the phonological development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not yet reached consistent conclusions, and systematic studies from different language groups are needed. This study aimed to systematically investigate the characteristics of phonological development in 3–6 year-old Mandarin-speaking children with ASD. We analyzed 10 min speech samples from 21 children with ASD, 18 development level-matched children with developmental disorders (DD), and 15 chronological age-matched typically developing (TD) children during semi-structured parent–child free play based on Mandarin phonological features. The children with ASD had a significantly smaller inventory than those with TD on the initial and final inventories. The children with ASD had only a significantly smaller initial inventory than those with DD in Phases 2 and 4. Compared with TD children, children with ASD used a higher proportion of V1 and V1V2C and a smaller proportion of V1V2V3, CV1C, and CV1V2C. No significant differences existed between ASD and DD children in the proportion of any syllable structure, but V1V2V3, CV1, and CV1V2C numbers were significantly fewer than in DD children. Children with ASD were significantly greater than children with TD in the diversity of V1V2, CV1, and overall syllables. ASD children had significantly fewer different types of syllables in both V1V2C and CV1 than did DD children and significantly greater diversity in CV1 and overall syllables than did DD children. These preliminary data suggest that the gap between TD and ASD children's language abilities increased with age, and this gap was reflected in initial, final, and syllable complexity and diversity. Children with DD and ASD showed similar language abilities, and children with DD showed detailed differences from those with ASD regarding initial, syllable complexity and diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Phonological Development in 3–6-Year-Old Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism, Developmental Delays, and Typical Development.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Autism+%26+Developmental+Disorders%22">Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 55 Issue 12, p4312-4323. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asperger's+syndrome+in+children%22">Asperger's syndrome in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Play%22">Play</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism+in+children%22">Autism in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech%22">Speech</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children+with+disabilities%22">Children with disabilities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grammar%22">Grammar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonological+awareness%22">Phonological awareness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent-child+relationships%22">Parent-child relationships</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kruskal-Wallis+Test%22">Kruskal-Wallis Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Verbal+behavior+testing%22">Verbal behavior testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Games%22">Games</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+development+deviations%22">Child development deviations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+development%22">Child development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Communication%22">Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+coding%22">Medical coding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22One-way+analysis+of+variance%22">One-way analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonetics%22">Phonetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+acquisition%22">Language acquisition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonology%22">Phonology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Articulation+%28Speech%29%22">Articulation (Speech)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonparametric+statistics%22">Nonparametric statistics</searchLink>
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Research on the phonological development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not yet reached consistent conclusions, and systematic studies from different language groups are needed. This study aimed to systematically investigate the characteristics of phonological development in 3–6 year-old Mandarin-speaking children with ASD. We analyzed 10 min speech samples from 21 children with ASD, 18 development level-matched children with developmental disorders (DD), and 15 chronological age-matched typically developing (TD) children during semi-structured parent–child free play based on Mandarin phonological features. The children with ASD had a significantly smaller inventory than those with TD on the initial and final inventories. The children with ASD had only a significantly smaller initial inventory than those with DD in Phases 2 and 4. Compared with TD children, children with ASD used a higher proportion of V1 and V1V2C and a smaller proportion of V1V2V3, CV1C, and CV1V2C. No significant differences existed between ASD and DD children in the proportion of any syllable structure, but V1V2V3, CV1, and CV1V2C numbers were significantly fewer than in DD children. Children with ASD were significantly greater than children with TD in the diversity of V1V2, CV1, and overall syllables. ASD children had significantly fewer different types of syllables in both V1V2C and CV1 than did DD children and significantly greater diversity in CV1 and overall syllables than did DD children. These preliminary data suggest that the gap between TD and ASD children's language abilities increased with age, and this gap was reflected in initial, final, and syllable complexity and diversity. Children with DD and ASD showed similar language abilities, and children with DD showed detailed differences from those with ASD regarding initial, syllable complexity and diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=189168308
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10803-024-06522-z
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
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      – SubjectFull: Asperger's syndrome in children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Play
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
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      – SubjectFull: Autism in children
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      – SubjectFull: Grammar
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Kruskal-Wallis Test
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      – SubjectFull: Child development deviations
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      – SubjectFull: One-way analysis of variance
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Nonparametric statistics
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      – SubjectFull: China
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      – TitleFull: Phonological Development in 3–6-Year-Old Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism, Developmental Delays, and Typical Development.
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              Text: Dec2025
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