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Temporal Trends in Sexual Identity and Sociodemographic Disparities in Stockholm, Sweden, 2010–2021.

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Title: Temporal Trends in Sexual Identity and Sociodemographic Disparities in Stockholm, Sweden, 2010–2021.
Authors: Zhang, Willi (AUTHOR), Tynelius, Per (AUTHOR), Mathur, Maya B. (AUTHOR), Quartagno, Matteo (AUTHOR), Brandén, Gunnar (AUTHOR), Liljeros, Fredrik (AUTHOR), Kosidou, Kyriaki (AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Public Health. Dec2025, Vol. 115 Issue 12, p2062-2071. 10p.
Subjects: Marriage law, Cross-sectional method, Diversity & inclusion policies, Research funding, Income, Sexual orientation identity, Gender-neutral language, Questionnaires, Sex distribution, Descriptive statistics, Disease prevalence, Multivariate analysis, Surveys, Marital status, Sociodemographic factors, Confidence intervals, Public health, Data analysis software, Social support, Educational attainment
Geographic Terms: Sweden
Abstract: Objectives. To examine temporal trends in sexual identity and sociodemographic disparities in Sweden after gender-neutral marriage legislation in 2009. Methods. We analyzed 3 cross-sectional surveys from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort (2010, 2014, 2021) that included 76 083 participants 16 years or older. Weighted Poisson regression was used to estimate associations between sexual identity and sociodemographic covariates. Survey weights and multiple imputation addressed sampling design and nonresponse. Results. Bisexual identity doubled between 2010 and 2021, from 2.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8%, 2.4%) to 4.3% (95% CI = 3.8%, 4.7%) among females and from 1.0% (95% CI = 0.8%, 1.2%) to 1.9% (95% CI = 1.6%, 2.3%) among males. In 2021, 15.1% (95% CI = 12.5%, 17.7%) of Generation Z (1997–2012) females and 6.9% (95% CI = 5.8%, 8.0%) of Millennials (1981–1996) identified as bisexual; the figures for males were 4.2% (95% CI = 2.8%, 5.7%) and 2.4% (95% CI = 1.7%, 3.1%). Bisexual identity was associated with lower income and never-married status, although the strength of the associations decreased over time. Conclusions. The rise in bisexual identity, particularly among younger generations, likely reflects shifting societal and cultural norms. Income and marital disparities persist but have narrowed. Public Health Implications. Public health should support bisexual individuals as part of broader efforts to promote equity amid evolving norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Temporal Trends in Sexual Identity and Sociodemographic Disparities in Stockholm, Sweden, 2010–2021.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Willi%22">Zhang, Willi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tynelius%2C+Per%22">Tynelius, Per</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mathur%2C+Maya+B%2E%22">Mathur, Maya B.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Quartagno%2C+Matteo%22">Quartagno, Matteo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brandén%2C+Gunnar%22">Brandén, Gunnar</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liljeros%2C+Fredrik%22">Liljeros, Fredrik</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kosidou%2C+Kyriaki%22">Kosidou, Kyriaki</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Public+Health%22">American Journal of Public Health</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 115 Issue 12, p2062-2071. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marriage+law%22">Marriage law</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diversity+%26+inclusion+policies%22">Diversity & inclusion policies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Income%22">Income</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexual+orientation+identity%22">Sexual orientation identity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender-neutral+language%22">Gender-neutral language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+prevalence%22">Disease prevalence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multivariate+analysis%22">Multivariate analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surveys%22">Surveys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marital+status%22">Marital status</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociodemographic+factors%22">Sociodemographic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+health%22">Public health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+support%22">Social support</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+attainment%22">Educational attainment</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sweden%22">Sweden</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objectives. To examine temporal trends in sexual identity and sociodemographic disparities in Sweden after gender-neutral marriage legislation in 2009. Methods. We analyzed 3 cross-sectional surveys from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort (2010, 2014, 2021) that included 76 083 participants 16 years or older. Weighted Poisson regression was used to estimate associations between sexual identity and sociodemographic covariates. Survey weights and multiple imputation addressed sampling design and nonresponse. Results. Bisexual identity doubled between 2010 and 2021, from 2.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8%, 2.4%) to 4.3% (95% CI = 3.8%, 4.7%) among females and from 1.0% (95% CI = 0.8%, 1.2%) to 1.9% (95% CI = 1.6%, 2.3%) among males. In 2021, 15.1% (95% CI = 12.5%, 17.7%) of Generation Z (1997–2012) females and 6.9% (95% CI = 5.8%, 8.0%) of Millennials (1981–1996) identified as bisexual; the figures for males were 4.2% (95% CI = 2.8%, 5.7%) and 2.4% (95% CI = 1.7%, 3.1%). Bisexual identity was associated with lower income and never-married status, although the strength of the associations decreased over time. Conclusions. The rise in bisexual identity, particularly among younger generations, likely reflects shifting societal and cultural norms. Income and marital disparities persist but have narrowed. Public Health Implications. Public health should support bisexual individuals as part of broader efforts to promote equity amid evolving norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308202
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 2062
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Marriage law
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diversity & inclusion policies
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Income
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sexual orientation identity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender-neutral language
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Disease prevalence
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      – SubjectFull: Marital status
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      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Sweden
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      – TitleFull: Temporal Trends in Sexual Identity and Sociodemographic Disparities in Stockholm, Sweden, 2010–2021.
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
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