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Disentangling eye movement desensitization and reprocessing mechanisms of action: The impact of eye movements in the eye blink conditioning task.

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Title: Disentangling eye movement desensitization and reprocessing mechanisms of action: The impact of eye movements in the eye blink conditioning task.
Authors: Folch‐Sanchez, Daniel (AUTHOR), Blithikioti, Chrysanthi (AUTHOR), Nuño, Laura (AUTHOR), Barrio, Pablo (AUTHOR), Borràs, Roger (AUTHOR), Blanco, Laura (AUTHOR), Piazza, Flavia (AUTHOR), Balcells‐Oliveró, Mercè (AUTHOR), Miquel, Laia (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice. Dec2025, Vol. 98 Issue 4, p1005-1016. 12p.
Subjects: Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, Fear, Reinforcement (Psychology), Pearson correlation (Statistics), Conditioned response, T-test (Statistics), Research funding, Statistical sampling, Blind experiment, Fisher exact test, Questionnaires, Randomized controlled trials, Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U Test, Chi-squared test, Odds ratio, Volunteers, Memory, Research methodology, Sociodemographic factors, Data analysis software, EMDR (Eye-movement desensitization & reprocessing), Psychosocial factors, Eye movements, Blinking (Physiology)
Geographic Terms: Spain
Abstract: Objectives: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective evidence‐based treatment for post‐traumatic stress disorder. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying eye movements (EM) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of horizontal EM on fear extinction learning in healthy individuals, using an Eye Blink Conditioning (EBC) task. This experimental paradigm has been widely used to explore associative fear learning and memory as a form of classical conditioning. Methods: Healthy participants were included to the study protocol and divided randomly into two groups. The EM group (n = 20) were asked to follow horizontally the experimenter's moving finger at the beginning of the extinction phase and the control group (n = 19) did not engage in any specific task. Sociodemographic and clinical information was collected. Percentage of conditioned response (CR) occurrence, time of onset and intensity between and within groups over longitudinal time were analysed using generalized multilevel mixed effects for repeated measures. Results: Results showed accelerated extinction learning in the EM group, with an 18.2% probability of CR occurrence in the first block of extinction, compared to the control group (40.9%) (p‐value =.007). Conclusions: The findings indicate that horizontal EM accelerates the extinction process in the EBC task. Therefore, this paradigm, used for studying associative learning and memory, could serve as an objective measure to investigate the mechanisms of action involved in desensitizing traumatic experiences during EMDR treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Disentangling eye movement desensitization and reprocessing mechanisms of action: The impact of eye movements in the eye blink conditioning task.
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  Data: Objectives: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective evidence‐based treatment for post‐traumatic stress disorder. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying eye movements (EM) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of horizontal EM on fear extinction learning in healthy individuals, using an Eye Blink Conditioning (EBC) task. This experimental paradigm has been widely used to explore associative fear learning and memory as a form of classical conditioning. Methods: Healthy participants were included to the study protocol and divided randomly into two groups. The EM group (n = 20) were asked to follow horizontally the experimenter's moving finger at the beginning of the extinction phase and the control group (n = 19) did not engage in any specific task. Sociodemographic and clinical information was collected. Percentage of conditioned response (CR) occurrence, time of onset and intensity between and within groups over longitudinal time were analysed using generalized multilevel mixed effects for repeated measures. Results: Results showed accelerated extinction learning in the EM group, with an 18.2% probability of CR occurrence in the first block of extinction, compared to the control group (40.9%) (p‐value =.007). Conclusions: The findings indicate that horizontal EM accelerates the extinction process in the EBC task. Therefore, this paradigm, used for studying associative learning and memory, could serve as an objective measure to investigate the mechanisms of action involved in desensitizing traumatic experiences during EMDR treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/papt.70000
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        Text: English
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Reinforcement (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Pearson correlation (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
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      – SubjectFull: Blind experiment
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      – SubjectFull: Fisher exact test
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      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Randomized controlled trials
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
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      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
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      – SubjectFull: Spain
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              Text: Dec2025
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