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The experiences of nurses working with patients who are agitated following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a qualitative study.

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Title: The experiences of nurses working with patients who are agitated following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a qualitative study.
Authors: Mckay, Adam (AUTHOR), Spiteri, Courtney (AUTHOR), Armao, Victoria (AUTHOR), Analytis, Penny (AUTHOR), Stribling, James (AUTHOR), Ponsford, Jennie (AUTHOR)
Source: Brain Injury. Dec2025, Vol. 39 Issue 14, p1311-1320. 10p.
Subjects: Rehabilitation for brain injury patients, Nurses, Fear, Cultural awareness, Psychomotor disorders, Qualitative research, Occupational roles, Psychological burnout, Interviewing, Sex distribution, Compassion, Severity of illness index, Nursing, Confidence, Age distribution, Work experience (Employment), Behavior, Descriptive statistics, Thematic analysis, Reward (Psychology), Aggression (Psychology), Nurses' attitudes, Research methodology, Convalescence, Cognition disorders, Brain injuries, Health facilities, Sleep quality, Social support, Patient satisfaction, Data analysis software, Psychology of nurses, Professional competence, Verbal behavior, Health care teams, Evaluation, Disease complications
Abstract: Background: Nurses are at the forefront of managing agitation after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI), but little is known about their experiences. This study aimed to explore how nurses understand, experience, and manage agitation after msTBI in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews was used to understand the experiences of agitation after msTBI for 15 nurses (aged 20–61 years, 80% female) on an inpatient brain injury rehabilitation unit. Reflexive thematic analysis was completed on interview transcripts. Results: Nursing experiences were characterized into four key themes relating to: 1) what nurses considered to be core features and causes of agitation; 2) factors they considered important in shaping agitation; 3) strategies they used to manage agitation; and 4) the challenges and rewards of working with patients at an early stage of recovery after TBI. Conclusions: Nurses had a detailed understanding of agitation after msTBI and its management. Managing agitation and PTA more broadly was experienced as physically, cognitively, and emotionally draining, yet it was seen as vital for supporting recovery and was personally meaningful for nurses. A lack of formal training and organizational support was a barrier to feeling competent and confident in the role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Brain Injury is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The experiences of nurses working with patients who are agitated following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a qualitative study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Brain+Injury%22">Brain Injury</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 39 Issue 14, p1311-1320. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rehabilitation+for+brain+injury+patients%22">Rehabilitation for brain injury patients</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nurses%22">Nurses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fear%22">Fear</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+awareness%22">Cultural awareness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychomotor+disorders%22">Psychomotor disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Qualitative+research%22">Qualitative research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Occupational+roles%22">Occupational roles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+burnout%22">Psychological burnout</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviewing%22">Interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compassion%22">Compassion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Severity+of+illness+index%22">Severity of illness index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nursing%22">Nursing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence%22">Confidence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Work+experience+%28Employment%29%22">Work experience (Employment)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior%22">Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thematic+analysis%22">Thematic analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reward+%28Psychology%29%22">Reward (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aggression+%28Psychology%29%22">Aggression (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nurses'+attitudes%22">Nurses' attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Convalescence%22">Convalescence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition+disorders%22">Cognition disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+injuries%22">Brain injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+facilities%22">Health facilities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sleep+quality%22">Sleep quality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+support%22">Social support</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patient+satisfaction%22">Patient satisfaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+nurses%22">Psychology of nurses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Professional+competence%22">Professional competence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Verbal+behavior%22">Verbal behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+care+teams%22">Health care teams</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation%22">Evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+complications%22">Disease complications</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Nurses are at the forefront of managing agitation after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI), but little is known about their experiences. This study aimed to explore how nurses understand, experience, and manage agitation after msTBI in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews was used to understand the experiences of agitation after msTBI for 15 nurses (aged 20–61 years, 80% female) on an inpatient brain injury rehabilitation unit. Reflexive thematic analysis was completed on interview transcripts. Results: Nursing experiences were characterized into four key themes relating to: 1) what nurses considered to be core features and causes of agitation; 2) factors they considered important in shaping agitation; 3) strategies they used to manage agitation; and 4) the challenges and rewards of working with patients at an early stage of recovery after TBI. Conclusions: Nurses had a detailed understanding of agitation after msTBI and its management. Managing agitation and PTA more broadly was experienced as physically, cognitively, and emotionally draining, yet it was seen as vital for supporting recovery and was personally meaningful for nurses. A lack of formal training and organizational support was a barrier to feeling competent and confident in the role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Brain Injury is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/02699052.2025.2558954
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1311
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Rehabilitation for brain injury patients
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nurses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fear
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cultural awareness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychomotor disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Qualitative research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Occupational roles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological burnout
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compassion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Severity of illness index
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nursing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Work experience (Employment)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thematic analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reward (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aggression (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nurses' attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Convalescence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognition disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain injuries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health facilities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sleep quality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social support
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Patient satisfaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of nurses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Professional competence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Verbal behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health care teams
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease complications
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The experiences of nurses working with patients who are agitated following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a qualitative study.
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              Text: Dec2025
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