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A multi-study paper on the development and validation of the value clarity questionnaire in adults and adolescents.

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Title: A multi-study paper on the development and validation of the value clarity questionnaire in adults and adolescents.
Authors: McLoughlin, Shane (AUTHOR), Stapleton, Alison (AUTHOR), Pendrous, Rosina (AUTHOR), Oldham, Peter (AUTHOR), Hochard, Kevin D. (AUTHOR)
Source: Counselling Psychology Quarterly. Dec2025, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p1103-1134. 32p.
Subjects: Psychotherapy, Life, Cross-sectional method, Values clarification, Assertiveness (Psychology), Labor productivity, Health status indicators, Autonomy (Psychology), Data analysis, Research methodology evaluation, Questionnaires, Research evaluation, Statistical sampling, Sex distribution, Behavior, Emotions, Psychological well-being, Age distribution, Chi-squared test, Descriptive statistics, Experimental design, Research methodology, Statistical reliability, Quality of life, Analysis of variance, Psychometrics, Statistics, Acceptance & commitment therapy, Factor analysis, Data analysis software, Mental depression, Cognition, Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics), Predictive validity, Evaluation, Psychosocial factors, Adolescence, Adults
Abstract: Engaging in values-consistent behavior is a key outcome sought in several evidence-informed psychotherapies (e.g. "valued action" within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). However, we cannot deliberately engage in valued action without first having value clarity (i.e., understanding the type of person we aspire to be, qua qualities of character). To date, there is no distinct English-language process or outcome measure evaluating value clarity. Here, we describe the development and validation of a novel, unidimensional measure of value clarity (the Value Clarity Questionnaire; VCQ). Study 1 describes the development of and the empirical refinement of the VCQ through a series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Study 2 confirmed the VCQ's factor structure and internal consistency in a United Kingdom-representative sample. Study 3 demonstrated that the VCQ has good internal consistency over time, test–retest stability, and configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance. Across the studies, value clarity was correlated with and predicted multiple aspects of flourishing including engaged living, depression, behavioral activation, assertiveness, productiveness, and energy levels, over and above known predictors. The results suggest that the VCQ is a reliable and valid measure that could be an especially useful proximal index of the effectiveness of targeted value clarification interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Counselling Psychology Quarterly is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: A multi-study paper on the development and validation of the value clarity questionnaire in adults and adolescents.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McLoughlin%2C+Shane%22">McLoughlin, Shane</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stapleton%2C+Alison%22">Stapleton, Alison</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pendrous%2C+Rosina%22">Pendrous, Rosina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oldham%2C+Peter%22">Oldham, Peter</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hochard%2C+Kevin+D%2E%22">Hochard, Kevin D.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Counselling+Psychology+Quarterly%22">Counselling Psychology Quarterly</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p1103-1134. 32p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychotherapy%22">Psychotherapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Life%22">Life</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Values+clarification%22">Values clarification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Assertiveness+%28Psychology%29%22">Assertiveness (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Labor+productivity%22">Labor productivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+status+indicators%22">Health status indicators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autonomy+%28Psychology%29%22">Autonomy (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology+evaluation%22">Research methodology evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+evaluation%22">Research evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior%22">Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotions%22">Emotions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+well-being%22">Psychological well-being</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+reliability%22">Statistical reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quality+of+life%22">Quality of life</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acceptance+%26+commitment+therapy%22">Acceptance & commitment therapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+analysis%22">Factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition%22">Cognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensitivity+%26+specificity+%28Statistics%29%22">Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predictive+validity%22">Predictive validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation%22">Evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychosocial+factors%22">Psychosocial factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adolescence%22">Adolescence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adults%22">Adults</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Engaging in values-consistent behavior is a key outcome sought in several evidence-informed psychotherapies (e.g. "valued action" within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). However, we cannot deliberately engage in valued action without first having value clarity (i.e., understanding the type of person we aspire to be, qua qualities of character). To date, there is no distinct English-language process or outcome measure evaluating value clarity. Here, we describe the development and validation of a novel, unidimensional measure of value clarity (the Value Clarity Questionnaire; VCQ). Study 1 describes the development of and the empirical refinement of the VCQ through a series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Study 2 confirmed the VCQ's factor structure and internal consistency in a United Kingdom-representative sample. Study 3 demonstrated that the VCQ has good internal consistency over time, test–retest stability, and configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance. Across the studies, value clarity was correlated with and predicted multiple aspects of flourishing including engaged living, depression, behavioral activation, assertiveness, productiveness, and energy levels, over and above known predictors. The results suggest that the VCQ is a reliable and valid measure that could be an especially useful proximal index of the effectiveness of targeted value clarification interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Counselling Psychology Quarterly is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09515070.2025.2451317
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 32
        StartPage: 1103
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Psychotherapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Life
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Values clarification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Assertiveness (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Labor productivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health status indicators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Autonomy (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological well-being
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical reliability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quality of life
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acceptance & commitment therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental depression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Predictive validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adolescence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adults
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A multi-study paper on the development and validation of the value clarity questionnaire in adults and adolescents.
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              Text: Dec2025
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