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Drug market risk environment and navigational strategies of street-level dealers in Nigeria.

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Title: Drug market risk environment and navigational strategies of street-level dealers in Nigeria.
Authors: Nelson, Ediomo-Ubong (AUTHOR), Nnam, Macpherson Uchenna (AUTHOR), Onayemi, Olayinka (AUTHOR)
Source: Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy. Dec2025, Vol. 32 Issue 6, p681-690. 10p.
Subjects: Risk of violence, Risk assessment, Proxy, Theft, Qualitative research, Imprisonment, Interviewing, Statistical sampling, Negotiation, Conflict (Psychology), Fieldwork (Educational method), Sales personnel, Thematic analysis, Deception, Research methodology, Research, Police, Drugstores, Interpersonal relations, Economic competition, Drugs of abuse, Conflict management
Geographic Terms: Nigeria
Abstract: Background: Researchers have investigated drug market risks and navigational strategies of drug dealers in western societies. Less is known about this phenomenon in Africa. This study explores drug market risk environment and navigational strategies of street drug dealers in Nigeria. Methods: The study uses qualitative data from in-depth interviews with street-level dealers (n = 31) recruited through snowball sampling in Uyo, Nigeria. Thematic analysis of transcripts generated three major themes ('policing,' 'rivalry' and 'indiscretion') as risk factors for police harassment, arrest and violence. Results: Accounts identified policing, rivalry between drug dealers and indiscretion (e.g., exchanging drugs for potentially stolen items) as risk factors for police harassments, arrest and violence. Drug dealers navigate risks in different ways, including through bribing police officers, using police proxies in partisan negotiation of drug market conflicts, and non-exchange of drugs for potentially stolen items. Conclusion: The findings underscore an ecological view of drug market risks where factors operating at different levels interact to shape risks, with policing featuring as an overarching macro-level risk factor. The failure of law enforcement to absolutely deter drug selling due to dealer's navigational strategies such as informal privatization of police, indicates a need for alternative approaches to controlling street-level drug markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Group: Ti
  Data: Drug market risk environment and navigational strategies of street-level dealers in Nigeria.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nelson%2C+Ediomo-Ubong%22">Nelson, Ediomo-Ubong</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nnam%2C+Macpherson+Uchenna%22">Nnam, Macpherson Uchenna</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Onayemi%2C+Olayinka%22">Onayemi, Olayinka</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Drugs%3A+Education%2C+Prevention+%26+Policy%22">Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 32 Issue 6, p681-690. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+of+violence%22">Risk of violence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Proxy%22">Proxy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Theft%22">Theft</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Qualitative+research%22">Qualitative research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Imprisonment%22">Imprisonment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviewing%22">Interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Negotiation%22">Negotiation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conflict+%28Psychology%29%22">Conflict (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fieldwork+%28Educational+method%29%22">Fieldwork (Educational method)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sales+personnel%22">Sales personnel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thematic+analysis%22">Thematic analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deception%22">Deception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research%22">Research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Police%22">Police</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drugstores%22">Drugstores</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+relations%22">Interpersonal relations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Economic+competition%22">Economic competition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drugs+of+abuse%22">Drugs of abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conflict+management%22">Conflict management</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nigeria%22">Nigeria</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Researchers have investigated drug market risks and navigational strategies of drug dealers in western societies. Less is known about this phenomenon in Africa. This study explores drug market risk environment and navigational strategies of street drug dealers in Nigeria. Methods: The study uses qualitative data from in-depth interviews with street-level dealers (n = 31) recruited through snowball sampling in Uyo, Nigeria. Thematic analysis of transcripts generated three major themes ('policing,' 'rivalry' and 'indiscretion') as risk factors for police harassment, arrest and violence. Results: Accounts identified policing, rivalry between drug dealers and indiscretion (e.g., exchanging drugs for potentially stolen items) as risk factors for police harassments, arrest and violence. Drug dealers navigate risks in different ways, including through bribing police officers, using police proxies in partisan negotiation of drug market conflicts, and non-exchange of drugs for potentially stolen items. Conclusion: The findings underscore an ecological view of drug market risks where factors operating at different levels interact to shape risks, with policing featuring as an overarching macro-level risk factor. The failure of law enforcement to absolutely deter drug selling due to dealer's navigational strategies such as informal privatization of police, indicates a need for alternative approaches to controlling street-level drug markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=189410303
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09687637.2024.2402255
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 681
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Risk of violence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Proxy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Theft
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Qualitative research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Imprisonment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Negotiation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Conflict (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fieldwork (Educational method)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sales personnel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thematic analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Police
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drugstores
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interpersonal relations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Economic competition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drugs of abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Conflict management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nigeria
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Drug market risk environment and navigational strategies of street-level dealers in Nigeria.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Nelson, Ediomo-Ubong
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            NameFull: Nnam, Macpherson Uchenna
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            NameFull: Onayemi, Olayinka
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 09687637
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              Value: 32
            – Type: issue
              Value: 6
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            – TitleFull: Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy
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