The Properties of Involuntary and Voluntary Autobiographical Memories in Chinese Patients with Depression and Healthy Individuals.

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Title: The Properties of Involuntary and Voluntary Autobiographical Memories in Chinese Patients with Depression and Healthy Individuals.
Authors: Shan, Yanyan (AUTHOR), Yan, Shuya (AUTHOR), Jia, Yanbin (AUTHOR), Hu, Yilei (AUTHOR), Rubin, David C. (AUTHOR), Berntsen, Dorthe (AUTHOR)
Source: Cognitive Therapy & Research. Dec2025, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1189-1202. 14p.
Subjects: Mental depression, Emotion regulation, Depressed persons, Chinese people, Stress management, Psychological factors, Recollection (Psychology), Implicit memory
Abstract: Background: Research on depression has largely focused on negative intrusive memories with little research on general involuntary memories as they occur in everyday life. In addition, all studies have been conducted on Western participants, and there are no studies on general involuntary memory in Eastern patients with depression. Methods: Thirty Chinese patients with depression and 30 healthy controls completed a memory diary in which they recorded a total of 10 involuntary and 10 voluntary memories. They were requested to fill out corresponding questionnaires of involuntary and voluntary memories as well. Results: Both patients with depression and healthy controls reported involuntary memories that had a more negative impact, were more specific, and were associated with more maladaptive emotion regulation when compared to voluntary memories. For both retrieval modes, patients with depression reported more negative and fewer positive memories, more negative and less positive mood impact, more avoidance, rumination, worry, negative interpretation, and less positive interpretation in response to the memories. Patients with depression rated their memories as more central, less specific, and rehearsed more frequently. Negative mood impact and maladaptive emotion regulation associated with involuntary memories were amplified in depression. Conclusions: These findings support the view that general involuntary memories could be a potential target to promote the treatment for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Cognitive Therapy & Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The Properties of Involuntary and Voluntary Autobiographical Memories in Chinese Patients with Depression and Healthy Individuals.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shan%2C+Yanyan%22">Shan, Yanyan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yan%2C+Shuya%22">Yan, Shuya</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jia%2C+Yanbin%22">Jia, Yanbin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Yilei%22">Hu, Yilei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rubin%2C+David+C%2E%22">Rubin, David C.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Berntsen%2C+Dorthe%22">Berntsen, Dorthe</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Cognitive+Therapy+%26+Research%22">Cognitive Therapy & Research</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1189-1202. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotion+regulation%22">Emotion regulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Depressed+persons%22">Depressed persons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chinese+people%22">Chinese people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stress+management%22">Stress management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+factors%22">Psychological factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recollection+%28Psychology%29%22">Recollection (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Implicit+memory%22">Implicit memory</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: Research on depression has largely focused on negative intrusive memories with little research on general involuntary memories as they occur in everyday life. In addition, all studies have been conducted on Western participants, and there are no studies on general involuntary memory in Eastern patients with depression. Methods: Thirty Chinese patients with depression and 30 healthy controls completed a memory diary in which they recorded a total of 10 involuntary and 10 voluntary memories. They were requested to fill out corresponding questionnaires of involuntary and voluntary memories as well. Results: Both patients with depression and healthy controls reported involuntary memories that had a more negative impact, were more specific, and were associated with more maladaptive emotion regulation when compared to voluntary memories. For both retrieval modes, patients with depression reported more negative and fewer positive memories, more negative and less positive mood impact, more avoidance, rumination, worry, negative interpretation, and less positive interpretation in response to the memories. Patients with depression rated their memories as more central, less specific, and rehearsed more frequently. Negative mood impact and maladaptive emotion regulation associated with involuntary memories were amplified in depression. Conclusions: These findings support the view that general involuntary memories could be a potential target to promote the treatment for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Cognitive Therapy & Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Dec2025
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