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Offline and Online Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Bidirectional Associations or Not?

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Title: Offline and Online Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Bidirectional Associations or Not?
Authors: De Raeymaecker, Karen (AUTHOR), Bastin, Margot (AUTHOR), Baetens, Imke (AUTHOR), Bijttebier, Patricia (AUTHOR), Van Heel, Martijn (AUTHOR)
Source: Cognitive Therapy & Research. Dec2025, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1216-1232. 17p.
Subjects: Emotion regulation, Adolescence, Friendship, Mental health services, Social interaction, Rumination (Cognition), Mental depression, Interpersonal communication
Abstract: Background: Regardless of the communication channel used, intimate conversations foster interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). Although private chatting with friends is important for adolescents, research concerning online IER remains limited. Methods: Cross-lagged panel models were used to study the directionality of offline and online co-rumination, co-dampening, and co-enhancing in 449 adolescents across a one-year period (53% boys; Mage = 15.25 at T1). Additionally, depressive symptoms, friendship quality and the frequency of online interactions were taken into account. Results: A unidirectional association from offline to online co-rumination was established, with adolescents' tendency to co-ruminate in-person transferring to later private chat conversations. Bidirectional associations were found for co-dampening and co-enhancing. Adolescents who were inclined to use online co-dampening respectively co-enhancing during online conversations also showed an increased tendency for offline co-dampening respectively co-enhancing and vice versa. Regarding the interrelation with depression, more severely depressed adolescents used more offline co-rumination one year later. Advantageously, offline co-enhancing created a buffer against these symptoms. Lastly, both a "dose–response" and a "response–dose" relationship were discovered for co-rumination. Accordingly, the more online private interactions adolescents had, the more they used this communication style during chat conversations with their momentary best friend one year later. Relatedly, the more offline co-rumination adolescents used, the less they turned to the online modality to interact with others. No prospective relationships were identified for friendship quality. Conclusion: The study sheds light on which IER-modality should be primarily addressed during mental health support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Cognitive Therapy & Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Offline and Online Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Bidirectional Associations or Not?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Cognitive+Therapy+%26+Research%22">Cognitive Therapy & Research</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1216-1232. 17p.
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  Data: Background: Regardless of the communication channel used, intimate conversations foster interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). Although private chatting with friends is important for adolescents, research concerning online IER remains limited. Methods: Cross-lagged panel models were used to study the directionality of offline and online co-rumination, co-dampening, and co-enhancing in 449 adolescents across a one-year period (53% boys; Mage = 15.25 at T1). Additionally, depressive symptoms, friendship quality and the frequency of online interactions were taken into account. Results: A unidirectional association from offline to online co-rumination was established, with adolescents' tendency to co-ruminate in-person transferring to later private chat conversations. Bidirectional associations were found for co-dampening and co-enhancing. Adolescents who were inclined to use online co-dampening respectively co-enhancing during online conversations also showed an increased tendency for offline co-dampening respectively co-enhancing and vice versa. Regarding the interrelation with depression, more severely depressed adolescents used more offline co-rumination one year later. Advantageously, offline co-enhancing created a buffer against these symptoms. Lastly, both a "dose–response" and a "response–dose" relationship were discovered for co-rumination. Accordingly, the more online private interactions adolescents had, the more they used this communication style during chat conversations with their momentary best friend one year later. Relatedly, the more offline co-rumination adolescents used, the less they turned to the online modality to interact with others. No prospective relationships were identified for friendship quality. Conclusion: The study sheds light on which IER-modality should be primarily addressed during mental health support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Cognitive Therapy & Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Type: general
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              Text: Dec2025
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