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The effects of retirement on cognitive functioning based on a systematic review of longitudinal studies.

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Title: The effects of retirement on cognitive functioning based on a systematic review of longitudinal studies.
Authors: Nazar, Gabriela (AUTHOR), Cabezas, María-Francisca (AUTHOR), Reyes-Molina, Daniel (AUTHOR), Castillo-Trecán, Patricia (AUTHOR), Díaz-Toro, Felipe (AUTHOR), Petermann-Rocha, Fanny (AUTHOR)
Source: Health Psychology Review. Dec2025, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p689-716. 28p.
Subjects: Dementia risk factors, Cognition disorder risk factors, Risk assessment, Lifestyles, Cognitive testing, Research funding, Retirement, CINAHL database, Questionnaires, Descriptive statistics, Information needs, Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, Psychological stress, Psychological disengagement, Online information services, Sociodemographic factors
Geographic Terms: North America, China, Europe, Japan, Sweden
Abstract: As cognitive decline is a progressive process, it is crucial to determine the environmental influences that contribute to its onset and advancement. The transition into retirement may be a pivotal moment impacting cognitive functioning. This study aimed to synthesise evidence on the effects of retirement on cognitive functioning through a systematic review of longitudinal studies. A systematic search was conducted in the CINAHL and APA PsycArticles databases, as well as in SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies published since 2013, following PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-two studies were selected. A narrative synthesis of the main characteristics and results of the included studies enabled the identification of overarching trends as well as confounding and moderating variables in the relationship between retirement and cognitive functioning. Overall, the findings suggested that retirement was associated with lower cognitive functioning, an increased rate of decline, and a higher risk of dementia. Sociodemographic variables, cognitive domains assessed, mental job demands, and occupational groups were found to modify this relationship. Possible mechanisms such as reduced cognitive stimulation, increased stress, and role disengagement are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Health Psychology Review is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The effects of retirement on cognitive functioning based on a systematic review of longitudinal studies.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nazar%2C+Gabriela%22">Nazar, Gabriela</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cabezas%2C+María-Francisca%22">Cabezas, María-Francisca</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reyes-Molina%2C+Daniel%22">Reyes-Molina, Daniel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castillo-Trecán%2C+Patricia%22">Castillo-Trecán, Patricia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Díaz-Toro%2C+Felipe%22">Díaz-Toro, Felipe</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Petermann-Rocha%2C+Fanny%22">Petermann-Rocha, Fanny</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: As cognitive decline is a progressive process, it is crucial to determine the environmental influences that contribute to its onset and advancement. The transition into retirement may be a pivotal moment impacting cognitive functioning. This study aimed to synthesise evidence on the effects of retirement on cognitive functioning through a systematic review of longitudinal studies. A systematic search was conducted in the CINAHL and APA PsycArticles databases, as well as in SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies published since 2013, following PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-two studies were selected. A narrative synthesis of the main characteristics and results of the included studies enabled the identification of overarching trends as well as confounding and moderating variables in the relationship between retirement and cognitive functioning. Overall, the findings suggested that retirement was associated with lower cognitive functioning, an increased rate of decline, and a higher risk of dementia. Sociodemographic variables, cognitive domains assessed, mental job demands, and occupational groups were found to modify this relationship. Possible mechanisms such as reduced cognitive stimulation, increased stress, and role disengagement are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Health Psychology Review is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/17437199.2025.2508987
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 28
        StartPage: 689
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Dementia risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognition disorder risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lifestyles
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Retirement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: CINAHL database
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      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
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      – SubjectFull: Sweden
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              Text: Dec2025
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