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Perinatal risk and protective factors associated with diagnosis of mental health disorders in children by age 9 years.

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Title: Perinatal risk and protective factors associated with diagnosis of mental health disorders in children by age 9 years.
Authors: Racine, Nicole (AUTHOR), Premji, Shainur (AUTHOR), Plamondon, Andre (AUTHOR), McDonald, Sheila (AUTHOR), Tough, Suzanne (AUTHOR), Madigan, Sheri (AUTHOR)
Source: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Nov2025, Vol. 34 Issue 11, p3565-3575. 11p.
Subjects: Risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Risk assessment, Child psychopathology, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Income, Maternal age, Self-efficacy, Optimism, Satisfaction, Social factors, Questionnaires, Mothers, Affective disorders, Anxiety, Descriptive statistics, Multivariate analysis, Longitudinal method, Unwanted pregnancy, Odds ratio, Infant nutrition, Need (Psychology), Environmental exposure, Marital status, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Perinatal period, Mental depression, Educational attainment, Sleep disorders, Children
Geographic Terms: Alberta
Abstract: Background: Early identification of children who are at risk of developing mental health disorders is essential for implementing prevention and intervention approaches. The perinatal period is a unique time to identify these risks, as well as protective factors, due to the high frequency of contact with healthcare professionals. Methods: The current study linked longitudinal cohort data from the All Our Families study (Canada) with administrative health records up to age 9 years (n = 2,814), to identify risk and protective factors from the perinatal period (pregnancy through to first year of life) that are associated with common mental health diagnoses, specifically ADHD and emotional disorders. Parents also reported via surveys whether their child had received a mental health diagnosis prior to age 9 years. Results: For a diagnosis of ADHD via administrative health records or parent report by age 9 years, risk factors included maternal post-partum mental health difficulties, difficulty meeting basic financial needs, an unwanted pregnancy, infant feeding and sleeping problems, and the presence of the child experiencing a physical health condition prior to 12 months, whereas high parent self-efficacy was associated with a decreased odds of a child ADHD diagnosis. For diagnosis of an emotional disorder, maternal postpartum mental health difficulties, single parenthood, an unwanted pregnancy, difficulty soothing the infant, and a maternal history of child maltreatment were risk factors, whereas parent optimism and partner relationship satisfaction were associated with a decreased odds of diagnosis. Conclusions: Both shared and disparate perinatal factors are associated with the diagnosis of ADHD versus an emotional disorder The perinatal period may represent a critical window for identifying both risk and protective factors, enabling healthcare professionals to deliver tailored prevention or intervention strategies that could reduce the likelihood of future mental health problems in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Perinatal risk and protective factors associated with diagnosis of mental health disorders in children by age 9 years.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Child+%26+Adolescent+Psychiatry%22">European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 34 Issue 11, p3565-3575. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+factors+of+attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+psychopathology%22">Child psychopathology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Income%22">Income</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maternal+age%22">Maternal age</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-efficacy%22">Self-efficacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optimism%22">Optimism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Satisfaction%22">Satisfaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+factors%22">Social factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mothers%22">Mothers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Affective+disorders%22">Affective disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multivariate+analysis%22">Multivariate analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Unwanted+pregnancy%22">Unwanted pregnancy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infant+nutrition%22">Infant nutrition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Need+%28Psychology%29%22">Need (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+exposure%22">Environmental exposure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marital+status%22">Marital status</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perinatal+period%22">Perinatal period</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+attainment%22">Educational attainment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sleep+disorders%22">Sleep disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: Early identification of children who are at risk of developing mental health disorders is essential for implementing prevention and intervention approaches. The perinatal period is a unique time to identify these risks, as well as protective factors, due to the high frequency of contact with healthcare professionals. Methods: The current study linked longitudinal cohort data from the All Our Families study (Canada) with administrative health records up to age 9 years (n = 2,814), to identify risk and protective factors from the perinatal period (pregnancy through to first year of life) that are associated with common mental health diagnoses, specifically ADHD and emotional disorders. Parents also reported via surveys whether their child had received a mental health diagnosis prior to age 9 years. Results: For a diagnosis of ADHD via administrative health records or parent report by age 9 years, risk factors included maternal post-partum mental health difficulties, difficulty meeting basic financial needs, an unwanted pregnancy, infant feeding and sleeping problems, and the presence of the child experiencing a physical health condition prior to 12 months, whereas high parent self-efficacy was associated with a decreased odds of a child ADHD diagnosis. For diagnosis of an emotional disorder, maternal postpartum mental health difficulties, single parenthood, an unwanted pregnancy, difficulty soothing the infant, and a maternal history of child maltreatment were risk factors, whereas parent optimism and partner relationship satisfaction were associated with a decreased odds of diagnosis. Conclusions: Both shared and disparate perinatal factors are associated with the diagnosis of ADHD versus an emotional disorder The perinatal period may represent a critical window for identifying both risk and protective factors, enabling healthcare professionals to deliver tailored prevention or intervention strategies that could reduce the likelihood of future mental health problems in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00787-025-02759-w
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
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      – SubjectFull: Optimism
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