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Realization of three- and four-body interactions between momentum states in a cavity.

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Title: Realization of three- and four-body interactions between momentum states in a cavity.
Authors: Luo, Chengyi (AUTHOR), Zhang, Haoqing (AUTHOR), Maruko, Chitose (AUTHOR), Bohr, Eliot A. (AUTHOR), Chu, Anjun (AUTHOR), Rey, Ana Maria (AUTHOR), Thompson, James K. (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 11/27/2025, Vol. 390 Issue 6776, p925-929. 5p.
Subjects: Quantum optics, Particle interactions, Cold gases, Optical resonators, Quantum theory
Abstract: Spin Hamiltonians in condensed matter and quantum sensing typically utilize pairwise or two-body interactions between constituents in the material or ensemble. However, there is growing interest in exploring more general n-body interactions for n > 2. In this study, we realized an effective n = 3-body Hamiltonian interaction using an ensemble of laser-cooled atoms in a high-finesse optical cavity with the pseudospin 1 / 2 encoded by two atomic momentum states. We applied two dressing tones that induce the atoms to exchange photons via the cavity to realize a virtual six-photon process; lower-order interactions destructively interfered. We also observed signatures of a n = 4-body interaction mediated by a virtual eight-photon process. Our approach may be extensible to three-body interactions in multilevel systems or to even higher-order interactions. Editor's summary: Interactions between pairs of particles often dominate over those in which three or more particles couple directly. To implement such higher-order interactions experimentally, pairwise interactions need to be suppressed. Luo et al. realized three- and four-body interactions between 1000 rubidium atoms held in an optical cavity. Lower-order two-body interactions were cancelled through symmetry. This technique may enable future explorations of exotic many-body physics as well as advances in quantum metrology. —Jelena Stajic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Realization of three- and four-body interactions between momentum states in a cavity.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Chengyi%22">Luo, Chengyi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Haoqing%22">Zhang, Haoqing</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maruko%2C+Chitose%22">Maruko, Chitose</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bohr%2C+Eliot+A%2E%22">Bohr, Eliot A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chu%2C+Anjun%22">Chu, Anjun</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rey%2C+Ana+Maria%22">Rey, Ana Maria</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thompson%2C+James+K%2E%22">Thompson, James K.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 11/27/2025, Vol. 390 Issue 6776, p925-929. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+optics%22">Quantum optics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+interactions%22">Particle interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cold+gases%22">Cold gases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+resonators%22">Optical resonators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+theory%22">Quantum theory</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Spin Hamiltonians in condensed matter and quantum sensing typically utilize pairwise or two-body interactions between constituents in the material or ensemble. However, there is growing interest in exploring more general n-body interactions for n > 2. In this study, we realized an effective n = 3-body Hamiltonian interaction using an ensemble of laser-cooled atoms in a high-finesse optical cavity with the pseudospin 1 / 2 encoded by two atomic momentum states. We applied two dressing tones that induce the atoms to exchange photons via the cavity to realize a virtual six-photon process; lower-order interactions destructively interfered. We also observed signatures of a n = 4-body interaction mediated by a virtual eight-photon process. Our approach may be extensible to three-body interactions in multilevel systems or to even higher-order interactions. Editor's summary: Interactions between pairs of particles often dominate over those in which three or more particles couple directly. To implement such higher-order interactions experimentally, pairwise interactions need to be suppressed. Luo et al. realized three- and four-body interactions between 1000 rubidium atoms held in an optical cavity. Lower-order two-body interactions were cancelled through symmetry. This technique may enable future explorations of exotic many-body physics as well as advances in quantum metrology. —Jelena Stajic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Cold gases
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              Text: 11/27/2025
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