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Hexatic phase in covalent two-dimensional silver iodide.

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Title: Hexatic phase in covalent two-dimensional silver iodide.
Authors: Bui, Thuy An (AUTHOR), Lamprecht, David (AUTHOR), Madsen, Jacob (AUTHOR), Kurpas, Marcin (AUTHOR), Kotrusz, Peter (AUTHOR), Markevich, Alexander (AUTHOR), Mangler, Clemens (AUTHOR), Kotakoski, Jani (AUTHOR), Filipovic, Lado (AUTHOR), Meyer, Jannik C. (AUTHOR), Pennycook, Timothy J. (AUTHOR), Skákalová, Viera (AUTHOR), Mustonen, Kimmo (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 12/4/2025, Vol. 390 Issue 6777, p1033-1037. 5p.
Subjects: Silver iodide, Graphene, Phase transitions, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Electron diffraction
Abstract: According to the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young (KTHNY) theory, the transition from a solid to liquid in two dimensions proceeds through an orientationally ordered liquid-like hexatic phase. However, alternative mixed melting scenarios, in which melting proceeds through the hexatic phase with both continuous and discontinuous transitions, have also been observed in some two-dimensional systems. In this study, we imaged silver iodide embedded in multilayer graphene using time- and temperature-resolved in situ atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and nanobeam electron diffraction. We observed the hexatic phase and provide evidence supporting a mixed melting scenario. Editor's summary: The melting of a two-dimensional crystal proceeds through a hexatic phase, an orientationally ordered, liquid-like intermediate. Bui et al. used in situ scanning transmission microscopy and nanobeam electron diffraction to follow the structural changes of silver iodide embedded in multilayer graphene with increasing temperature. The hexatic phase, which only forms in two-dimensional systems and has only short-range translational order, appeared in a narrow temperature window just before silver iodide melted and likely formed through a mixed-melting pathway. —Phil Szuromi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Hexatic phase in covalent two-dimensional silver iodide.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bui%2C+Thuy+An%22">Bui, Thuy An</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lamprecht%2C+David%22">Lamprecht, David</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Madsen%2C+Jacob%22">Madsen, Jacob</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kurpas%2C+Marcin%22">Kurpas, Marcin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kotrusz%2C+Peter%22">Kotrusz, Peter</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Markevich%2C+Alexander%22">Markevich, Alexander</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mangler%2C+Clemens%22">Mangler, Clemens</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kotakoski%2C+Jani%22">Kotakoski, Jani</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Filipovic%2C+Lado%22">Filipovic, Lado</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meyer%2C+Jannik+C%2E%22">Meyer, Jannik C.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pennycook%2C+Timothy+J%2E%22">Pennycook, Timothy J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skákalová%2C+Viera%22">Skákalová, Viera</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mustonen%2C+Kimmo%22">Mustonen, Kimmo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 12/4/2025, Vol. 390 Issue 6777, p1033-1037. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Silver+iodide%22">Silver iodide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphene%22">Graphene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+transitions%22">Phase transitions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+transmission+electron+microscopy%22">Scanning transmission electron microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+diffraction%22">Electron diffraction</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: According to the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young (KTHNY) theory, the transition from a solid to liquid in two dimensions proceeds through an orientationally ordered liquid-like hexatic phase. However, alternative mixed melting scenarios, in which melting proceeds through the hexatic phase with both continuous and discontinuous transitions, have also been observed in some two-dimensional systems. In this study, we imaged silver iodide embedded in multilayer graphene using time- and temperature-resolved in situ atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and nanobeam electron diffraction. We observed the hexatic phase and provide evidence supporting a mixed melting scenario. Editor's summary: The melting of a two-dimensional crystal proceeds through a hexatic phase, an orientationally ordered, liquid-like intermediate. Bui et al. used in situ scanning transmission microscopy and nanobeam electron diffraction to follow the structural changes of silver iodide embedded in multilayer graphene with increasing temperature. The hexatic phase, which only forms in two-dimensional systems and has only short-range translational order, appeared in a narrow temperature window just before silver iodide melted and likely formed through a mixed-melting pathway. —Phil Szuromi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1126/science.adv7915
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Silver iodide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Graphene
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      – SubjectFull: Phase transitions
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      – SubjectFull: Scanning transmission electron microscopy
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      – TitleFull: Hexatic phase in covalent two-dimensional silver iodide.
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              Text: 12/4/2025
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