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Improved solvent systems for commercially viable perovskite photovoltaic modules.

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Title: Improved solvent systems for commercially viable perovskite photovoltaic modules.
Authors: Wang, Yinke (AUTHOR), Liu, Ye (AUTHOR), Luo, Xin (AUTHOR), Xiao, Ke (AUTHOR), Marrugat-Arnal, Victor (AUTHOR), Xu, Dongdong (AUTHOR), Lou, Jing (AUTHOR), Zuo, Weiwei (AUTHOR), Tavakoli, Navid (AUTHOR), Li, Tiantian (AUTHOR), Yang, Yuanbo (AUTHOR), Duan, Chenyang (AUTHOR), Ou, Wennan (AUTHOR), Liu, Yuxuan (AUTHOR), Hong, Jiajia (AUTHOR), Sun, Hongfei (AUTHOR), Duan, Gongtao (AUTHOR), Li, Manya (AUTHOR), Gao, Han (AUTHOR), Chu, Zijing (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 12/4/2025, Vol. 390 Issue 6777, p1021-1028. 8p.
Subjects: Nonaqueous solvents, Solar cells, Environmental responsibility, Mass production, Reliability in engineering, Solar technology
Abstract: Commercializing perovskite photovoltaics requires overcoming three critical barriers: the use of toxic solvents in manufacturing, variations in perovskite film quality across large areas, and limited operational reliability. Here, we address these challenges by developing a green solvent–based (γ-valerolactone/2-methyl tetrahydrofuran/dimethylsulfoxide) ink and a solvent-confinement edge-protection strategy, demonstrating large-scale manufacturing of defect-minimized perovskite films under ambient-air conditions. These approaches enabled the production of 7200-square-centimeter perovskite photovoltaic modules that achieved a total-area steady-state efficiency of 17.2% (certified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory) and that passed all IEC 61215 reliability standards (certified by TÜV Rheinland). This work demonstrates an environmentally responsible path toward commercial manufacturing of perovskite photovoltaics. Editor's summary: A three-component solvent that optimizes ion coordination and evaporation kinetics enables slot-die coating of void-free, high-crystalline perovskite films for solar modules. Wang et al. used a mixture of γ-valerolactone, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, and dimethylsulfoxide to replace more hazardous solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and added a surfactant to maintain consistent evaporation rates near the film edges. They fabricated stable, 7200-square-centimeter perovskite photovoltaic modules with a certified power conversion efficiency of 17.2%. —Phil Szuromi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Improved solvent systems for commercially viable perovskite photovoltaic modules.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yinke%22">Wang, Yinke</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Ye%22">Liu, Ye</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Xin%22">Luo, Xin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiao%2C+Ke%22">Xiao, Ke</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marrugat-Arnal%2C+Victor%22">Marrugat-Arnal, Victor</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Dongdong%22">Xu, Dongdong</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lou%2C+Jing%22">Lou, Jing</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zuo%2C+Weiwei%22">Zuo, Weiwei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tavakoli%2C+Navid%22">Tavakoli, Navid</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Tiantian%22">Li, Tiantian</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Yuanbo%22">Yang, Yuanbo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duan%2C+Chenyang%22">Duan, Chenyang</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ou%2C+Wennan%22">Ou, Wennan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yuxuan%22">Liu, Yuxuan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hong%2C+Jiajia%22">Hong, Jiajia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Hongfei%22">Sun, Hongfei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duan%2C+Gongtao%22">Duan, Gongtao</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Manya%22">Li, Manya</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Han%22">Gao, Han</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chu%2C+Zijing%22">Chu, Zijing</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 12/4/2025, Vol. 390 Issue 6777, p1021-1028. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonaqueous+solvents%22">Nonaqueous solvents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cells%22">Solar cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+responsibility%22">Environmental responsibility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mass+production%22">Mass production</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reliability+in+engineering%22">Reliability in engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+technology%22">Solar technology</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Commercializing perovskite photovoltaics requires overcoming three critical barriers: the use of toxic solvents in manufacturing, variations in perovskite film quality across large areas, and limited operational reliability. Here, we address these challenges by developing a green solvent–based (γ-valerolactone/2-methyl tetrahydrofuran/dimethylsulfoxide) ink and a solvent-confinement edge-protection strategy, demonstrating large-scale manufacturing of defect-minimized perovskite films under ambient-air conditions. These approaches enabled the production of 7200-square-centimeter perovskite photovoltaic modules that achieved a total-area steady-state efficiency of 17.2% (certified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory) and that passed all IEC 61215 reliability standards (certified by TÜV Rheinland). This work demonstrates an environmentally responsible path toward commercial manufacturing of perovskite photovoltaics. Editor's summary: A three-component solvent that optimizes ion coordination and evaporation kinetics enables slot-die coating of void-free, high-crystalline perovskite films for solar modules. Wang et al. used a mixture of γ-valerolactone, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, and dimethylsulfoxide to replace more hazardous solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and added a surfactant to maintain consistent evaporation rates near the film edges. They fabricated stable, 7200-square-centimeter perovskite photovoltaic modules with a certified power conversion efficiency of 17.2%. —Phil Szuromi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1126/science.adz0091
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        Text: English
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