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Shapiro steps in strongly-interacting Fermi gases.

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Title: Shapiro steps in strongly-interacting Fermi gases.
Authors: Del Pace, Giulia (AUTHOR), Hernández-Rajkov, Diego (AUTHOR), Singh, Vijay Pal (AUTHOR), Grani, Nicola (AUTHOR), Fernández, Marcia Frómeta (AUTHOR), Nesti, Giulio (AUTHOR), Seman, Jorge Amin (AUTHOR), Inguscio, Massimo (AUTHOR), Amico, Luigi (AUTHOR), Roati, Giacomo (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 12/11/2025, Vol. 390 Issue 6778, p1125-1129. 5p.
Subjects: Josephson effect, Josephson junctions, Quantum gases, Particle interactions, Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics
Abstract: Driven many-body systems exhibit diverse and complex dynamical behaviors. Here, we report the observation of Shapiro steps in periodically driven Josephson junctions between strongly interacting Fermi superfluids of ultracold atoms. The height and the width of the observed quantized plateaus in the current-potential characteristics mirror the external drive frequency and the junction nonlinear response. Direct measurements of the current-phase relationship showcase how Shapiro steps arise from the synchronization between the relative phase of the two reservoirs and the external drive. Such a mechanism is further supported by the detection of periodic phase-slippage processes, in the form of vortex-antivortex pairs. Our results are corroborated by a circuital model and numerical simulations. Our work may open prospects for studying emergent nonequilibrium dynamics in quantum many-body systems under external drives. Editor's summary: In the Josephson effect, a current can flow through an insulating barrier between two superconductors without dissipation. For a high enough current, dissipation does occur, and if microwave radiation is also applied, a series of plateaus—the so-called Shapiro steps—appear in the current-voltage characteristic. Instead of using superconductors, Del Pace et al. and Bernhart et al. observed Shapiro steps in an atomic Josephson junction. The researchers moved a barrier through an ultracold gas at a speed that had a periodically modulated component to emulate microwave radiation. The height of the resulting Shapiro steps in the chemical potential difference was proportional to the frequency of the modulation. —Jelena Stajic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Shapiro steps in strongly-interacting Fermi gases.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Del+Pace%2C+Giulia%22">Del Pace, Giulia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hernández-Rajkov%2C+Diego%22">Hernández-Rajkov, Diego</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singh%2C+Vijay+Pal%22">Singh, Vijay Pal</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grani%2C+Nicola%22">Grani, Nicola</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernández%2C+Marcia+Frómeta%22">Fernández, Marcia Frómeta</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nesti%2C+Giulio%22">Nesti, Giulio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seman%2C+Jorge+Amin%22">Seman, Jorge Amin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Inguscio%2C+Massimo%22">Inguscio, Massimo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amico%2C+Luigi%22">Amico, Luigi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roati%2C+Giacomo%22">Roati, Giacomo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 12/11/2025, Vol. 390 Issue 6778, p1125-1129. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Josephson+effect%22">Josephson effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Josephson+junctions%22">Josephson junctions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+gases%22">Quantum gases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+interactions%22">Particle interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonequilibrium+statistical+mechanics%22">Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Driven many-body systems exhibit diverse and complex dynamical behaviors. Here, we report the observation of Shapiro steps in periodically driven Josephson junctions between strongly interacting Fermi superfluids of ultracold atoms. The height and the width of the observed quantized plateaus in the current-potential characteristics mirror the external drive frequency and the junction nonlinear response. Direct measurements of the current-phase relationship showcase how Shapiro steps arise from the synchronization between the relative phase of the two reservoirs and the external drive. Such a mechanism is further supported by the detection of periodic phase-slippage processes, in the form of vortex-antivortex pairs. Our results are corroborated by a circuital model and numerical simulations. Our work may open prospects for studying emergent nonequilibrium dynamics in quantum many-body systems under external drives. Editor's summary: In the Josephson effect, a current can flow through an insulating barrier between two superconductors without dissipation. For a high enough current, dissipation does occur, and if microwave radiation is also applied, a series of plateaus—the so-called Shapiro steps—appear in the current-voltage characteristic. Instead of using superconductors, Del Pace et al. and Bernhart et al. observed Shapiro steps in an atomic Josephson junction. The researchers moved a barrier through an ultracold gas at a speed that had a periodically modulated component to emulate microwave radiation. The height of the resulting Shapiro steps in the chemical potential difference was proportional to the frequency of the modulation. —Jelena Stajic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Quantum gases
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      – SubjectFull: Particle interactions
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      – SubjectFull: Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics
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      – TitleFull: Shapiro steps in strongly-interacting Fermi gases.
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              Text: 12/11/2025
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