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Effects of open and hidden administration of treatment-related information; a multi-experiment study.

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Title: Effects of open and hidden administration of treatment-related information; a multi-experiment study.
Authors: Daniali, Hojjat (AUTHOR), Hunsbeth, Pia Louise (AUTHOR), Flaten, Magne Arve (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychology & Health. Jan2026, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p96-124. 29p.
Subjects: Patient education, Dental clinics, Fear, Pain measurement, Placebos, Research funding, Local anesthesia, Data analysis, Operative dentistry, Statistical sampling, Blind experiment, Questionnaires, Treatment effectiveness, Adrenaline, Randomized controlled trials, Descriptive statistics, Nonverbal communication, Communication, Patient-professional relations, Psychological stress, Analysis of variance, Statistics, Fear of dentists, Data analysis software, Factor analysis, Toothache, Psychology of dentists, Lidocaine, Regression analysis, Psychosocial factors
Geographic Terms: Norway
Abstract: Background: Two experiments (E1 and E2; N = 44 and N = 52, respectively) investigated the effect of positive (PI) and neutral information (NI) about a dental procedure, and if the delivery of the information by the treatment team (open administration) or unbeknownst to the treatment team (hidden administration), affected pain. Methods: Using a mixed design, patients undergoing drilling in a molar were randomized to the NI or PI groups. Before, during, and after treatment, patients reported their pain and stress levels. In E1 the treatment team delivered the information. In E2, an assistant not engaged in the treatment delivered the information. Results: In the PI group in E1, pain was reduced by 50 % compared to the NI group, and the effects of stress on pain were mitigated. These effects were abolished in E2. The dentist reported having displayed positive nonverbal behaviours (e.g. smiling and longer eye contact) in the PI group in E1, but not in E2. Discussion: Positive information reduced pain only when administrated openly. There was no effect of positive information administrated hidden from the treatment team. As information was similar in both experiments, factors other than the information most likely reduced pain in the PI group in E1. Conclusion: Delivering positive information by the treatment team may generate behavioural cues which generate placebo effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychology & Health is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Effects of open and hidden administration of treatment-related information; a multi-experiment study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Daniali%2C+Hojjat%22">Daniali, Hojjat</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hunsbeth%2C+Pia+Louise%22">Hunsbeth, Pia Louise</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Flaten%2C+Magne+Arve%22">Flaten, Magne Arve</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychology+%26+Health%22">Psychology & Health</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p96-124. 29p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patient+education%22">Patient education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dental+clinics%22">Dental clinics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fear%22">Fear</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pain+measurement%22">Pain measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Placebos%22">Placebos</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Local+anesthesia%22">Local anesthesia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Operative+dentistry%22">Operative dentistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blind+experiment%22">Blind experiment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+effectiveness%22">Treatment effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adrenaline%22">Adrenaline</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Randomized+controlled+trials%22">Randomized controlled trials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonverbal+communication%22">Nonverbal communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Communication%22">Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patient-professional+relations%22">Patient-professional relations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+stress%22">Psychological stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fear+of+dentists%22">Fear of dentists</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+analysis%22">Factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Toothache%22">Toothache</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+dentists%22">Psychology of dentists</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lidocaine%22">Lidocaine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychosocial+factors%22">Psychosocial factors</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Norway%22">Norway</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Two experiments (E1 and E2; N = 44 and N = 52, respectively) investigated the effect of positive (PI) and neutral information (NI) about a dental procedure, and if the delivery of the information by the treatment team (open administration) or unbeknownst to the treatment team (hidden administration), affected pain. Methods: Using a mixed design, patients undergoing drilling in a molar were randomized to the NI or PI groups. Before, during, and after treatment, patients reported their pain and stress levels. In E1 the treatment team delivered the information. In E2, an assistant not engaged in the treatment delivered the information. Results: In the PI group in E1, pain was reduced by 50 % compared to the NI group, and the effects of stress on pain were mitigated. These effects were abolished in E2. The dentist reported having displayed positive nonverbal behaviours (e.g. smiling and longer eye contact) in the PI group in E1, but not in E2. Discussion: Positive information reduced pain only when administrated openly. There was no effect of positive information administrated hidden from the treatment team. As information was similar in both experiments, factors other than the information most likely reduced pain in the PI group in E1. Conclusion: Delivering positive information by the treatment team may generate behavioural cues which generate placebo effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychology & Health is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2392820
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 29
        StartPage: 96
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Patient education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dental clinics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fear
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pain measurement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Placebos
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Local anesthesia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Operative dentistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Blind experiment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Treatment effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adrenaline
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Randomized controlled trials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonverbal communication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Communication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Patient-professional relations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological stress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fear of dentists
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Toothache
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of dentists
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lidocaine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Norway
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effects of open and hidden administration of treatment-related information; a multi-experiment study.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Daniali, Hojjat
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            NameFull: Hunsbeth, Pia Louise
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            NameFull: Flaten, Magne Arve
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 41
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            – TitleFull: Psychology & Health
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