QIR: a novel quaternion-based image representation for reversible image steganography.
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| Title: | QIR: a novel quaternion-based image representation for reversible image steganography. |
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| Authors: | Deepika, R. (AUTHOR), Thirugnanasambandam, Kalaipriyan (AUTHOR), Muthunagai, K. (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Connection Science. Dec 2025, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p1-31. 31p. |
| Subjects: | Quaternions, Image representation, Quantum computing, Reversible data hiding (Computer science), Decoding algorithms, Cryptography, Signal-to-noise ratio |
| Abstract: | Image steganography involves concealing data within a digital image. Reversible steganography is considered as the complete restoration of the original image after the embedded secret data have been extracted. In this research work, a novel quaternion-based image representation technique is proposed for effective representation of images for processing it in quantum computational units. The proposed model is evaluated by implementing the representation of images for reversible image steganography where the images that are represented should be decrypted without loss. The images that were used in this study involve three different sizes $ 256 \times 256 $ 256 × 256 , $ 512 \times 512 $ 512 × 512 , $ 1024 \times 1024 $ 1024 × 1024. Here the numerical results of the proposed work shows that the average PSNR value of the original image to the stego image is 44 dB and the average PSNR value to the original image and quantum decrypted image using quaternion function is 74 dB approximately which is 40% greater than the previous quantum representation and the SSIM and MSE values obtained are 95% similar to the previous works. The importance of our contribution is the stego image which is represented using 3-D quaternion rotation undergoes a decryption using LSB–MSB technique which then recovers the original secret and cover image with minimum loss. This shows that the stego image is not affected by the proposed quantum representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Abstract: | Image steganography involves concealing data within a digital image. Reversible steganography is considered as the complete restoration of the original image after the embedded secret data have been extracted. In this research work, a novel quaternion-based image representation technique is proposed for effective representation of images for processing it in quantum computational units. The proposed model is evaluated by implementing the representation of images for reversible image steganography where the images that are represented should be decrypted without loss. The images that were used in this study involve three different sizes $ 256 \times 256 $ 256 × 256 , $ 512 \times 512 $ 512 × 512 , $ 1024 \times 1024 $ 1024 × 1024. Here the numerical results of the proposed work shows that the average PSNR value of the original image to the stego image is 44 dB and the average PSNR value to the original image and quantum decrypted image using quaternion function is 74 dB approximately which is 40% greater than the previous quantum representation and the SSIM and MSE values obtained are 95% similar to the previous works. The importance of our contribution is the stego image which is represented using 3-D quaternion rotation undergoes a decryption using LSB–MSB technique which then recovers the original secret and cover image with minimum loss. This shows that the stego image is not affected by the proposed quantum representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 09540091 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/09540091.2025.2507830 |
