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Malformations of cortical development: Embryology and epilepsy.

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Title: Malformations of cortical development: Embryology and epilepsy.
Authors: Hoeberigs, M. Christianne (AUTHOR), Tousseyn, Simon (AUTHOR), de Bruyn, Gwendolyn (AUTHOR), Colon, Albert (AUTHOR), Dings, Jim (AUTHOR), Hendriks, Marc (AUTHOR), Hilkman, Danny (AUTHOR), Hoeberigs, Christianne (AUTHOR), van der Pol, Jochem (AUTHOR), de Jong, Lotte (AUTHOR), Rijkers, Kim (AUTHOR), Klinkenberg, Sylvia (AUTHOR), van Kranen Mastenbroek, Vivianne (AUTHOR), Nelissen, Jeske (AUTHOR), Kubben, Pieter (AUTHOR), Palm, Walter M. (AUTHOR), Rouhl, Rob P. W. (AUTHOR), Santegoeds, Remco (AUTHOR), Schijns, Olaf (AUTHOR), van Straaten, Ilse (AUTHOR)
Source: Epilepsia (Series 4). Oct2025, Vol. 66 Issue 10, p3642-3655. 14p.
Subjects: Embryology, Epilepsy, Partial epilepsy, Neocortex, Dysgenesis, Human abnormalities, Focal cortical dysplasia
Abstract: One in seven patients with focal epilepsy has a malformation of cortical development (MCD) as underlying cause. Understanding normal cortical development combined with knowledge of where, when, and what goes wrong in different types of MCD provides insight into the mechanisms of epileptogenesis. Three different steps can be distinguished in the development of the neocortex: proliferation, migration, and organization. These three steps occur at different locations, partly overlapping in time. In this review, we illustrate and correlate normal embryology to the most common MCDs in epilepsy, namely, focal cortical dysplasia, heterotopia, and polymicrogyria, with discriminating imaging findings and clinical implications. By integrating current literature on embryology and imaging findings, we aim to provide insight into classification of cortical malformations and the consequences for workup and treatment. Illustrations of normal cortical embryology and early fetal development are supplemented with magnetic resonance images from our tertiary epilepsy center showing the three most frequently encountered malformations: focal cortical dysplasia (approximately half of identified MCDs at our center, consistent with literature), heterotopia (one third), and polymicrogyria (approximately 10%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Epilepsia (Series 4) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Availability: 0
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DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Malformations of cortical development: Embryology and epilepsy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hoeberigs%2C+M%2E+Christianne%22">Hoeberigs, M. Christianne</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tousseyn%2C+Simon%22">Tousseyn, Simon</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Bruyn%2C+Gwendolyn%22">de Bruyn, Gwendolyn</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Colon%2C+Albert%22">Colon, Albert</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dings%2C+Jim%22">Dings, Jim</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hendriks%2C+Marc%22">Hendriks, Marc</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hilkman%2C+Danny%22">Hilkman, Danny</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hoeberigs%2C+Christianne%22">Hoeberigs, Christianne</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+der+Pol%2C+Jochem%22">van der Pol, Jochem</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Jong%2C+Lotte%22">de Jong, Lotte</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rijkers%2C+Kim%22">Rijkers, Kim</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Klinkenberg%2C+Sylvia%22">Klinkenberg, Sylvia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Kranen+Mastenbroek%2C+Vivianne%22">van Kranen Mastenbroek, Vivianne</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nelissen%2C+Jeske%22">Nelissen, Jeske</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kubben%2C+Pieter%22">Kubben, Pieter</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Palm%2C+Walter+M%2E%22">Palm, Walter M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rouhl%2C+Rob+P%2E+W%2E%22">Rouhl, Rob P. W.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Santegoeds%2C+Remco%22">Santegoeds, Remco</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schijns%2C+Olaf%22">Schijns, Olaf</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Straaten%2C+Ilse%22">van Straaten, Ilse</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Epilepsia+%28Series+4%29%22">Epilepsia (Series 4)</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 66 Issue 10, p3642-3655. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Embryology%22">Embryology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epilepsy%22">Epilepsy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Partial+epilepsy%22">Partial epilepsy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neocortex%22">Neocortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dysgenesis%22">Dysgenesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+abnormalities%22">Human abnormalities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Focal+cortical+dysplasia%22">Focal cortical dysplasia</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: One in seven patients with focal epilepsy has a malformation of cortical development (MCD) as underlying cause. Understanding normal cortical development combined with knowledge of where, when, and what goes wrong in different types of MCD provides insight into the mechanisms of epileptogenesis. Three different steps can be distinguished in the development of the neocortex: proliferation, migration, and organization. These three steps occur at different locations, partly overlapping in time. In this review, we illustrate and correlate normal embryology to the most common MCDs in epilepsy, namely, focal cortical dysplasia, heterotopia, and polymicrogyria, with discriminating imaging findings and clinical implications. By integrating current literature on embryology and imaging findings, we aim to provide insight into classification of cortical malformations and the consequences for workup and treatment. Illustrations of normal cortical embryology and early fetal development are supplemented with magnetic resonance images from our tertiary epilepsy center showing the three most frequently encountered malformations: focal cortical dysplasia (approximately half of identified MCDs at our center, consistent with literature), heterotopia (one third), and polymicrogyria (approximately 10%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Epilepsia (Series 4) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=190860332
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/epi.18501
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 3642
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Embryology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Epilepsy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Partial epilepsy
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      – SubjectFull: Neocortex
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      – SubjectFull: Dysgenesis
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      – SubjectFull: Human abnormalities
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      – SubjectFull: Focal cortical dysplasia
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      – TitleFull: Malformations of cortical development: Embryology and epilepsy.
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              Text: Oct2025
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