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Association Between Gender Affirmation and Adoption Interest Among a Large Sample of Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender-Diverse Populations in Washington State, 2023.

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Title: Association Between Gender Affirmation and Adoption Interest Among a Large Sample of Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender-Diverse Populations in Washington State, 2023.
Authors: Ogunbajo, Adedotun, DeAtley, Teresa, Breslow, Aaron, Gamarel, Kristi, Operario, Don, Kershaw, Trace, Tavernier, Rebecca L. Emery, Restar, Arjee Javellana
Source: American Journal of Public Health. Feb2026, Vol. 116 Issue 2, p229-239. 11p.
Subjects: Gender-nonconforming people, Health services accessibility, Documentation, Cross-sectional method, Scale analysis (Psychology), Trans men, Gender identity, Research funding, Transphobia, Asian Americans, African Americans, Transgender people, Gender affirming care, Multiple regression analysis, Health insurance, Food security, Questionnaires, Residential patterns, Nonbinary people, Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, Multivariate analysis, Odds ratio, Intention, Sociodemographic factors, Confidence intervals, Data analysis software, Comparative studies, Trans women, Public health, Psychosocial factors, Adoption, Educational attainment
Geographic Terms: Washington (State)
Abstract: Objectives. To investigate the association between gender affirmation and interest in adoption among transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse adults. Methods. We analyzed data from the Washington Priority Assessment in Trans Health Project, which was conducted in Washington State in 2023. We controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and health care indicators using multinomial logistic regression. Results. Of the 788 participants, 56% expressed interest in adoption, 24% were undecided or maybe interested, and 20% reported no interest. Participants who expressed interest in adoption were more likely to have updated their legal name documentation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.73, 8.08), were more likely to have private insurance (AOR = 11.01; 95% CI = 2.89, 42.02), and were less likely to have food insecurity (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.82). Participants who were undecided about adoption reported higher rates of legal gender affirmation (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.42), educational attainment (AOR = 3.77; 95% CI = 1.19, 11.91), and internalized transphobia (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.34). Conclusions. Legal gender affirmation and health care access were associated with adoption interest and were significantly influenced by economic stability and psychological factors. Comprehensive initiatives are needed to develop more trans-inclusive family-planning services. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(2):229–239. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308312) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Association Between Gender Affirmation and Adoption Interest Among a Large Sample of Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender-Diverse Populations in Washington State, 2023.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ogunbajo%2C+Adedotun%22">Ogunbajo, Adedotun</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22DeAtley%2C+Teresa%22">DeAtley, Teresa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Breslow%2C+Aaron%22">Breslow, Aaron</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gamarel%2C+Kristi%22">Gamarel, Kristi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Operario%2C+Don%22">Operario, Don</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kershaw%2C+Trace%22">Kershaw, Trace</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tavernier%2C+Rebecca+L%2E+Emery%22">Tavernier, Rebecca L. Emery</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Restar%2C+Arjee+Javellana%22">Restar, Arjee Javellana</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Public+Health%22">American Journal of Public Health</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 116 Issue 2, p229-239. 11p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender-nonconforming+people%22">Gender-nonconforming people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+services+accessibility%22">Health services accessibility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Documentation%22">Documentation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scale+analysis+%28Psychology%29%22">Scale analysis (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Trans+men%22">Trans men</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+identity%22">Gender identity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transphobia%22">Transphobia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asian+Americans%22">Asian Americans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22African+Americans%22">African Americans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transgender+people%22">Transgender people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+affirming+care%22">Gender affirming care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiple+regression+analysis%22">Multiple regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+insurance%22">Health insurance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Food+security%22">Food security</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Residential+patterns%22">Residential patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonbinary+people%22">Nonbinary people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multivariate+analysis%22">Multivariate analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intention%22">Intention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociodemographic+factors%22">Sociodemographic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Trans+women%22">Trans women</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+health%22">Public health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychosocial+factors%22">Psychosocial factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adoption%22">Adoption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+attainment%22">Educational attainment</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Washington+%28State%29%22">Washington (State)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objectives. To investigate the association between gender affirmation and interest in adoption among transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse adults. Methods. We analyzed data from the Washington Priority Assessment in Trans Health Project, which was conducted in Washington State in 2023. We controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and health care indicators using multinomial logistic regression. Results. Of the 788 participants, 56% expressed interest in adoption, 24% were undecided or maybe interested, and 20% reported no interest. Participants who expressed interest in adoption were more likely to have updated their legal name documentation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.73, 8.08), were more likely to have private insurance (AOR = 11.01; 95% CI = 2.89, 42.02), and were less likely to have food insecurity (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.82). Participants who were undecided about adoption reported higher rates of legal gender affirmation (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.42), educational attainment (AOR = 3.77; 95% CI = 1.19, 11.91), and internalized transphobia (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.34). Conclusions. Legal gender affirmation and health care access were associated with adoption interest and were significantly influenced by economic stability and psychological factors. Comprehensive initiatives are needed to develop more trans-inclusive family-planning services. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(2):229–239. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308312) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308312
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 229
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Gender-nonconforming people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health services accessibility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Documentation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scale analysis (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Trans men
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender identity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transphobia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Asian Americans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: African Americans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transgender people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender affirming care
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiple regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health insurance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Food security
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Residential patterns
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonbinary people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multivariate analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Trans women
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Public health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adoption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational attainment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Washington (State)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Association Between Gender Affirmation and Adoption Interest Among a Large Sample of Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender-Diverse Populations in Washington State, 2023.
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              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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