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Relationship between level of amputation and compensatory gait strategy.

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Title: Relationship between level of amputation and compensatory gait strategy.
Authors: Nikoumanesh, Nikou (AUTHOR), Sudhir, Shraddha (AUTHOR), Hannigan, Lindsay Slater (AUTHOR)
Source: Clinical Rehabilitation. Feb2026, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p246-258. 13p.
Subjects: Hip joint physiology, Torso physiology, Biomechanics, Artificial limbs, Statistical correlation, Traumatic amputation, Knee osteoarthritis, Research funding, Adduction, Scientific observation, Dynamics, Kinematics, Diagnosis, Gait in humans, Amputees, Age distribution, Multivariate analysis, Descriptive statistics, Knee joint, Leg amputation, Research, Treadmills, Analysis of variance, Walking speed, Comparative studies, Body movement, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Range of motion of joints, Disease risk factors
Abstract: Objective: Gait biomechanics changes after lower limb amputation. This study aims to determine how amputation level may impact gait biomechanics and compensatory behaviour in people with unilateral amputation. Study design: Observational study. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: This study included eight participants with unilateral transtibial amputation, 10 individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation, and 11 older persons with no history of amputation. Main outcome metrics: Gait kinetics and kinematics. Results: The transfemoral group significantly walked slower compared to the older persons (p-value = 0.005). Knee adduction moment on intact side was greater during midstance in the transfemoral group compared to the transtibial (0.16 ± 0.16 Nm/kg). The older persons showed greater hip adduction moment on the amputated side during initial midstance compared to those in the transfemoral (0.28 ± 0.18 Nm/kg) and transtibial (0.21 ± 0.16 Nm/kg) groups. The transtibial group demonstrated greater lateral trunk flexion towards the intact side during initial contact (4.08 ± 4.05°) and swing phase (4.36 ± 3.66°) compared to older persons. The transfemoral group also had greater lateral flexion towards the intact side during early swing (2.78 ± 2.70°) compared to older persons. Conclusions: Both groups of transtibial and transfemoral used trunk lateral flexion toward their intact side as a compensatory behaviour to enhance stability and minimize activation of the hip abductors, which can contribute to lower back pain. The increased knee adduction moment in the transfemoral group indicates a higher risk of knee osteoarthritis. Rehabilitation and physical therapy may prove beneficial in improving muscle strength, which can lead to better gait mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Clinical Rehabilitation is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Relationship between level of amputation and compensatory gait strategy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nikoumanesh%2C+Nikou%22">Nikoumanesh, Nikou</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sudhir%2C+Shraddha%22">Sudhir, Shraddha</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hannigan%2C+Lindsay+Slater%22">Hannigan, Lindsay Slater</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Clinical+Rehabilitation%22">Clinical Rehabilitation</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p246-258. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hip+joint+physiology%22">Hip joint physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Torso+physiology%22">Torso physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomechanics%22">Biomechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+limbs%22">Artificial limbs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+correlation%22">Statistical correlation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Traumatic+amputation%22">Traumatic amputation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Knee+osteoarthritis%22">Knee osteoarthritis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adduction%22">Adduction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scientific+observation%22">Scientific observation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dynamics%22">Dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kinematics%22">Kinematics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diagnosis%22">Diagnosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gait+in+humans%22">Gait in humans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Amputees%22">Amputees</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multivariate+analysis%22">Multivariate analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Knee+joint%22">Knee joint</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Leg+amputation%22">Leg amputation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research%22">Research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treadmills%22">Treadmills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Walking+speed%22">Walking speed</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Body+movement%22">Body movement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Range+of+motion+of+joints%22">Range of motion of joints</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+risk+factors%22">Disease risk factors</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objective: Gait biomechanics changes after lower limb amputation. This study aims to determine how amputation level may impact gait biomechanics and compensatory behaviour in people with unilateral amputation. Study design: Observational study. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: This study included eight participants with unilateral transtibial amputation, 10 individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation, and 11 older persons with no history of amputation. Main outcome metrics: Gait kinetics and kinematics. Results: The transfemoral group significantly walked slower compared to the older persons (p-value = 0.005). Knee adduction moment on intact side was greater during midstance in the transfemoral group compared to the transtibial (0.16 ± 0.16 Nm/kg). The older persons showed greater hip adduction moment on the amputated side during initial midstance compared to those in the transfemoral (0.28 ± 0.18 Nm/kg) and transtibial (0.21 ± 0.16 Nm/kg) groups. The transtibial group demonstrated greater lateral trunk flexion towards the intact side during initial contact (4.08 ± 4.05°) and swing phase (4.36 ± 3.66°) compared to older persons. The transfemoral group also had greater lateral flexion towards the intact side during early swing (2.78 ± 2.70°) compared to older persons. Conclusions: Both groups of transtibial and transfemoral used trunk lateral flexion toward their intact side as a compensatory behaviour to enhance stability and minimize activation of the hip abductors, which can contribute to lower back pain. The increased knee adduction moment in the transfemoral group indicates a higher risk of knee osteoarthritis. Rehabilitation and physical therapy may prove beneficial in improving muscle strength, which can lead to better gait mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Clinical Rehabilitation is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/02692155251394297
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 246
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Hip joint physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Torso physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomechanics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artificial limbs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Traumatic amputation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Knee osteoarthritis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adduction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scientific observation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kinematics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gait in humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Amputees
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multivariate analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Knee joint
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Leg amputation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Treadmills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Walking speed
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Body movement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Range of motion of joints
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease risk factors
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Relationship between level of amputation and compensatory gait strategy.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Nikoumanesh, Nikou
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            NameFull: Sudhir, Shraddha
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            NameFull: Hannigan, Lindsay Slater
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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