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Temporal relationships between incarceration and mental disorders among justice-involved adolescents: A population-based cohort study.

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Title: Temporal relationships between incarceration and mental disorders among justice-involved adolescents: A population-based cohort study.
Authors: Akpanekpo, Emaediong I (AUTHOR), Kariminia, Azar (AUTHOR), Srasuebkul, Preeyaporn (AUTHOR), Trollor, Julian N (AUTHOR), Kasinathan, John (AUTHOR), Greenberg, David (AUTHOR), Butler, Tony (AUTHOR)
Source: Australasian Psychiatry. Feb2026, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p55-62. 8p.
Subjects: Mental illness, Imprisonment, Disease risk factors, Clinical health psychology, Socioeconomic disparities in health, Cohort analysis, Justice administration, Teenagers
Geographic Terms: New South Wales
Abstract: Objectives: To determine bidirectional relationships between incarceration and mental disorders. We hypothesized that (1) pre-existing mental disorders would be associated with increased incarceration risk, and (2) incarceration would be associated with increased incident mental disorder diagnosis risk in adolescents without prior psychiatric diagnosis. Method: This retrospective cohort study included 1551 adolescents (aged 10–17 years) from four New South Wales (NSW) health surveys linked to justice and health records. Modified Poisson regression examined associations between pre-existing mental disorders and incarceration. Prentice-Williams-Peterson Total-Time models examined associations between time-varying incarceration exposure and incident mental disorder diagnoses among those without prior diagnosis. Results: Among 1551 adolescents (87.7% male; median age 15 years), pre-existing mental disorders were associated with an increased incarceration risk (adjusted Risk Ratio [RR]: 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.09–1.45), which was more pronounced among those with violent offences. Among 1424 adolescents without prior diagnosis, incarceration was associated with increased incident diagnosis risk (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09–1.37), with stronger associations among adolescents residing in areas of higher socioeconomic disadvantage. Conclusions: Findings suggest incarceration may be associated with adverse mental health outcomes, with implications for diversionary pathways and custodial mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Australasian Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Temporal relationships between incarceration and mental disorders among justice-involved adolescents: A population-based cohort study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Akpanekpo%2C+Emaediong+I%22">Akpanekpo, Emaediong I</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kariminia%2C+Azar%22">Kariminia, Azar</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Srasuebkul%2C+Preeyaporn%22">Srasuebkul, Preeyaporn</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trollor%2C+Julian+N%22">Trollor, Julian N</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kasinathan%2C+John%22">Kasinathan, John</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Greenberg%2C+David%22">Greenberg, David</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Butler%2C+Tony%22">Butler, Tony</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Australasian+Psychiatry%22">Australasian Psychiatry</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p55-62. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+illness%22">Mental illness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Imprisonment%22">Imprisonment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+risk+factors%22">Disease risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clinical+health+psychology%22">Clinical health psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+disparities+in+health%22">Socioeconomic disparities in health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cohort+analysis%22">Cohort analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Justice+administration%22">Justice administration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teenagers%22">Teenagers</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22New+South+Wales%22">New South Wales</searchLink>
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  Data: Objectives: To determine bidirectional relationships between incarceration and mental disorders. We hypothesized that (1) pre-existing mental disorders would be associated with increased incarceration risk, and (2) incarceration would be associated with increased incident mental disorder diagnosis risk in adolescents without prior psychiatric diagnosis. Method: This retrospective cohort study included 1551 adolescents (aged 10–17 years) from four New South Wales (NSW) health surveys linked to justice and health records. Modified Poisson regression examined associations between pre-existing mental disorders and incarceration. Prentice-Williams-Peterson Total-Time models examined associations between time-varying incarceration exposure and incident mental disorder diagnoses among those without prior diagnosis. Results: Among 1551 adolescents (87.7% male; median age 15 years), pre-existing mental disorders were associated with an increased incarceration risk (adjusted Risk Ratio [RR]: 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.09–1.45), which was more pronounced among those with violent offences. Among 1424 adolescents without prior diagnosis, incarceration was associated with increased incident diagnosis risk (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09–1.37), with stronger associations among adolescents residing in areas of higher socioeconomic disadvantage. Conclusions: Findings suggest incarceration may be associated with adverse mental health outcomes, with implications for diversionary pathways and custodial mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Australasian Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Feb2026
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