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Courtesy stigma toward parents of adolescents with cannabis use disorder: examining the role of language and gender in a Canadian sample.

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Title: Courtesy stigma toward parents of adolescents with cannabis use disorder: examining the role of language and gender in a Canadian sample.
Authors: Downey, Molly K. (AUTHOR), Coles, Ashlee R. L. (AUTHOR), Harris, Nick (AUTHOR)
Source: Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy. Feb2026, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p126-136. 11p.
Subjects: Substance abuse, Language & languages, Data analysis, T-test (Statistics), Research funding, Sex distribution, Parent-child relationships, Responsibility, Questionnaires, Emotions, Posters, Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, Experimental design, Analysis of variance, Statistics, Research, One-way analysis of variance, Psychology of parents, Interpersonal relations, Data analysis software, Social stigma, Regression analysis, Adolescence
Geographic Terms: Canada
Abstract: Background: Parents of individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) may be stigmatized by association, known as courtesy stigma. Language may influence SUD stigma, and parents impacted by a child's SUD have identified the terms 'enabler' and 'codependent' as stigmatizing. This study examined how language and parent gender influence public perceptions of courtesy stigma toward the parent of an adolescent with cannabis use disorder (CUD). Methods: Participants (324 Canadian adults) read a vignette depicting the relationship between a parent and their adolescent child with CUD. The vignette varied by the language describing the parent (deficit-based/neutral) and parent gender (mother/father). Stigma toward the parent was assessed using three Attribution Questionnaire subscales (help/interact, responsibility, and negative emotions). Results: 2 × 2 ANOVAs revealed more willingness to help the father and more negative emotions toward the parent when described using deficit-based language. Perceived responsibility of the parent did not differ by language or parent gender depicted in the vignette. Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary evidence that using deficit-based terminology like 'enabler' and 'codependent' may contribute to courtesy stigma toward parents of children with SUD. The results highlight the importance of using person-first, neutral language when referring to parents of individuals with SUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Courtesy stigma toward parents of adolescents with cannabis use disorder: examining the role of language and gender in a Canadian sample.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Downey%2C+Molly+K%2E%22">Downey, Molly K.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Coles%2C+Ashlee+R%2E+L%2E%22">Coles, Ashlee R. L.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harris%2C+Nick%22">Harris, Nick</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Drugs%3A+Education%2C+Prevention+%26+Policy%22">Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p126-136. 11p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Parents of individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) may be stigmatized by association, known as courtesy stigma. Language may influence SUD stigma, and parents impacted by a child's SUD have identified the terms 'enabler' and 'codependent' as stigmatizing. This study examined how language and parent gender influence public perceptions of courtesy stigma toward the parent of an adolescent with cannabis use disorder (CUD). Methods: Participants (324 Canadian adults) read a vignette depicting the relationship between a parent and their adolescent child with CUD. The vignette varied by the language describing the parent (deficit-based/neutral) and parent gender (mother/father). Stigma toward the parent was assessed using three Attribution Questionnaire subscales (help/interact, responsibility, and negative emotions). Results: 2 × 2 ANOVAs revealed more willingness to help the father and more negative emotions toward the parent when described using deficit-based language. Perceived responsibility of the parent did not differ by language or parent gender depicted in the vignette. Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary evidence that using deficit-based terminology like 'enabler' and 'codependent' may contribute to courtesy stigma toward parents of children with SUD. The results highlight the importance of using person-first, neutral language when referring to parents of individuals with SUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09687637.2025.2487452
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 126
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      – SubjectFull: Substance abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language & languages
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
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      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Parent-child relationships
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      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Emotions
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      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology of parents
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      – SubjectFull: Social stigma
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      – SubjectFull: Adolescence
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      – SubjectFull: Canada
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Courtesy stigma toward parents of adolescents with cannabis use disorder: examining the role of language and gender in a Canadian sample.
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              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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