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Assessing SICI Cortical Inhibition With DLPFC TMS‐EEG Using Different ISI Values.

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Title: Assessing SICI Cortical Inhibition With DLPFC TMS‐EEG Using Different ISI Values.
Authors: Mijancos‐Martínez, Gema (AUTHOR), Bachiller, Alejandro (AUTHOR), Fernández‐Linsenbarth, Inés (AUTHOR), Ruiz‐Gómez, Saúl J. (AUTHOR), Romero, Sergio (AUTHOR), Molina, Vicente (AUTHOR), Mañanas, Miguel Ángel (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychophysiology. Jan2026, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p.
Subjects: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Prefrontal cortex, Interstimulus interval, Neurosciences, Neural inhibition
Abstract: The evaluation of cortical inhibition (CI) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS‐EEG) has focused great attention in recent years. One of the most common procedures to assess such inhibition is the short‐interval cortical inhibition (SICI), a paired‐pulse paradigm defined by the interstimulus interval (ISI). While SICI was initially defined and extensively used in studies targeting the motor cortex, its application to the DLPFC is relatively recent. However, little is known about how ISI values affect the DLFPC, especially in terms of the TMS‐evoked potentials (TEP). This study aims to quantitatively compare the effects of different ISI values in the SICI protocol on CI in the DLPFC by assessing TEPs. Eighteen healthy subjects underwent the SICI protocol using two different ISIs: 2 ms and 4 ms. TMS‐EEG responses for both ISIs were characterized in terms of amplitude, latency, peak‐to‐peak amplitudes, and the area under the rectified curve of the TEPs. The results indicate that TEPs differed depending on the ISI used, finding a significantly greater inhibition with 2 ms ISI, as reflected by a more pronounced reduction in TEP amplitude. These findings are consistent with previous literature on motor cortex stimulation, suggesting that a greater reduction in TEP, and hence greater inhibition, is likely achieved with a 2 ms ISI. Therefore, the study helps in the standardization of SICI protocol in DLFPC. Impact: An assessment of the TEPs following the SICI protocol with two different ISI (2 and 4 ms) when stimulating the DLPFC with TMS has been performed. To our knowledge, this is the only study assessing it. By doing so, our study proposes a step forward to the standardization of the SICI protocol in the left DLPFC, specifically when choosing between 2 ms and 4 ms as an ISI, based on their differential impact on TEP amplitude, peak‐to‐peak measures, AUC values, and a topographical distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Assessing SICI Cortical Inhibition With DLPFC TMS‐EEG Using Different ISI Values.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mijancos‐Martínez%2C+Gema%22">Mijancos‐Martínez, Gema</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bachiller%2C+Alejandro%22">Bachiller, Alejandro</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernández‐Linsenbarth%2C+Inés%22">Fernández‐Linsenbarth, Inés</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ruiz‐Gómez%2C+Saúl+J%2E%22">Ruiz‐Gómez, Saúl J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Romero%2C+Sergio%22">Romero, Sergio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Molina%2C+Vicente%22">Molina, Vicente</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mañanas%2C+Miguel+Ángel%22">Mañanas, Miguel Ángel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychophysiology%22">Psychophysiology</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transcranial+magnetic+stimulation%22">Transcranial magnetic stimulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prefrontal+cortex%22">Prefrontal cortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interstimulus+interval%22">Interstimulus interval</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurosciences%22">Neurosciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neural+inhibition%22">Neural inhibition</searchLink>
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  Data: The evaluation of cortical inhibition (CI) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS‐EEG) has focused great attention in recent years. One of the most common procedures to assess such inhibition is the short‐interval cortical inhibition (SICI), a paired‐pulse paradigm defined by the interstimulus interval (ISI). While SICI was initially defined and extensively used in studies targeting the motor cortex, its application to the DLPFC is relatively recent. However, little is known about how ISI values affect the DLFPC, especially in terms of the TMS‐evoked potentials (TEP). This study aims to quantitatively compare the effects of different ISI values in the SICI protocol on CI in the DLPFC by assessing TEPs. Eighteen healthy subjects underwent the SICI protocol using two different ISIs: 2 ms and 4 ms. TMS‐EEG responses for both ISIs were characterized in terms of amplitude, latency, peak‐to‐peak amplitudes, and the area under the rectified curve of the TEPs. The results indicate that TEPs differed depending on the ISI used, finding a significantly greater inhibition with 2 ms ISI, as reflected by a more pronounced reduction in TEP amplitude. These findings are consistent with previous literature on motor cortex stimulation, suggesting that a greater reduction in TEP, and hence greater inhibition, is likely achieved with a 2 ms ISI. Therefore, the study helps in the standardization of SICI protocol in DLFPC. Impact: An assessment of the TEPs following the SICI protocol with two different ISI (2 and 4 ms) when stimulating the DLPFC with TMS has been performed. To our knowledge, this is the only study assessing it. By doing so, our study proposes a step forward to the standardization of the SICI protocol in the left DLPFC, specifically when choosing between 2 ms and 4 ms as an ISI, based on their differential impact on TEP amplitude, peak‐to‐peak measures, AUC values, and a topographical distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/psyp.70229
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      – SubjectFull: Prefrontal cortex
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      – SubjectFull: Neural inhibition
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              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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