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Modification and Validation of an Autism Observational Assessment Including ADOS-2® for Use with Children with Visual Impairment.

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Title: Modification and Validation of an Autism Observational Assessment Including ADOS-2® for Use with Children with Visual Impairment.
Authors: Dale, Naomi (AUTHOR), Sakkalou, Elena (AUTHOR), Eriksson, Maria H. (AUTHOR), Salt, Alison (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. Jan2026, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p83-99. 17p.
Subjects: Diagnosis of autism, Cross-sectional method, Multitrait multimethod techniques, Pearson correlation (Statistics), Vision disorders, Data analysis, T-test (Statistics), Receiver operating characteristic curves, Research funding, Research methodology evaluation, Eye abnormalities, Scientific observation, Research evaluation, Parameters (Statistics), Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, Mann Whitney U Test, Longitudinal method, Mathematical statistics, Communicative disorders, Psychometrics, Research methodology, Statistics, Intraclass correlation, Asperger's syndrome, Data analysis software, Factor analysis, Verbal behavior, Inter-observer reliability, Discriminant analysis, Cognition, Nonparametric statistics, Disease complications, Children
Abstract: Children with visual impairment (VI) are at risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however standard observational diagnostic assessments are not validated for this population. The primary objective of the study is to validate a modified version of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2®, Module 3), for children with VI. A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken with 100 (mean 5½ years, SD 10.44 months, range 4–7 years; 59 (59%) males) children with congenital disorders of the peripheral visual system with moderate/severe-profound VI. As the primary objective, 83 (83%) who were 'verbally fluent' were assessed with the modified ADOS-2® (Module 3). Their scores were investigated for reliability, construct and criterion validity against expert clinician formulation and parent-rated social and communication questionnaires (Social Responsiveness Scale-2, SRS-2; Children's Communication Checklist-2). The secondary objective with the total sample was to report on frequency and distribution of ASD ratings in this VI population. The modified ADOS-2® (Module 3) was found to have strong internal coherence and construct validity (two factor model) and inter-rater reliability. A new VI diagnostic algorithm was established which showed high sensitivity and specificity against clinician formulation. Using the best cut-off threshold for 'High Risk for ASD', strong concurrent criterion validity was found according to parent-rated scores on the SRS-2. The modified ADOS-2® (Module 3) was shown to have promising reliability and validity in establishing children at 'High Risk of ASD' in this vulnerable population. Elevated rates of ASD were found across the sample, in line with previous estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Modification and Validation of an Autism Observational Assessment Including ADOS-2<superscript>®</superscript> for Use with Children with Visual Impairment.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Autism+%26+Developmental+Disorders%22">Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p83-99. 17p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Children with visual impairment (VI) are at risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however standard observational diagnostic assessments are not validated for this population. The primary objective of the study is to validate a modified version of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2®, Module 3), for children with VI. A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken with 100 (mean 5½ years, SD 10.44 months, range 4–7 years; 59 (59%) males) children with congenital disorders of the peripheral visual system with moderate/severe-profound VI. As the primary objective, 83 (83%) who were 'verbally fluent' were assessed with the modified ADOS-2® (Module 3). Their scores were investigated for reliability, construct and criterion validity against expert clinician formulation and parent-rated social and communication questionnaires (Social Responsiveness Scale-2, SRS-2; Children's Communication Checklist-2). The secondary objective with the total sample was to report on frequency and distribution of ASD ratings in this VI population. The modified ADOS-2® (Module 3) was found to have strong internal coherence and construct validity (two factor model) and inter-rater reliability. A new VI diagnostic algorithm was established which showed high sensitivity and specificity against clinician formulation. Using the best cut-off threshold for 'High Risk for ASD', strong concurrent criterion validity was found according to parent-rated scores on the SRS-2. The modified ADOS-2® (Module 3) was shown to have promising reliability and validity in establishing children at 'High Risk of ASD' in this vulnerable population. Elevated rates of ASD were found across the sample, in line with previous estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10803-024-06514-z
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 83
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Diagnosis of autism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multitrait multimethod techniques
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pearson correlation (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vision disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Receiver operating characteristic curves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Eye abnormalities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scientific observation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parameters (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
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      – SubjectFull: Communicative disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Intraclass correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Asperger's syndrome
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Verbal behavior
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      – SubjectFull: Discriminant analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Cognition
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      – SubjectFull: Nonparametric statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease complications
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Modification and Validation of an Autism Observational Assessment Including ADOS-2® for Use with Children with Visual Impairment.
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              Text: Jan2026
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              Y: 2026
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