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Identifying Distinct Latent Profiles of Executive Functioning Among Adolescents and Adults With Anorexia Nervosa and Adolescent Healthy Controls.

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Title: Identifying Distinct Latent Profiles of Executive Functioning Among Adolescents and Adults With Anorexia Nervosa and Adolescent Healthy Controls.
Authors: Schnabel, Jiana (AUTHOR), Cooper, Marita (AUTHOR), Stedal, Kristin (AUTHOR), Rose, Mark (AUTHOR), van Noort, Betteke Maria (AUTHOR), Drabick, Deborah A. G. (AUTHOR), Alloy, Lauren B. (AUTHOR), Timko, C. Alix (AUTHOR)
Source: European Eating Disorders Review. Mar2026, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p442-454. 13p.
Subjects: Motor ability, Disease duration, Body mass index, Secondary analysis, Data analysis, Executive function, Probability theory, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Questionnaires, Age distribution, Chi-squared test, Mann Whitney U Test, Latent structure analysis, Anorexia nervosa, Analysis of variance, Statistics, Neuropsychological tests, Data analysis software, Intelligence tests, Verbal behavior, Algorithms
Abstract: Objective: Research suggests executive functioning (EF) inefficiencies contribute to anorexia nervosa (AN) onset and maintenance. Identifying EF subtypes in adolescents and adults with AN compared to healthy controls (HC) may provide insights into differences in illness severity, risk for prolonged illness, and highlight who could respond best to different treatments. Method: We conducted secondary analysis of 751 participants: adolescents (n = 559) and adults with AN (n = 74), and adolescent HC (n = 118). Latent profiles of six Delis Kaplan Executive Function System scores measuring EF constructs implicated in AN were derived. Differences across profiles on demographics, eating disorder cognitions (EDE/EDE‐Q score), BMI/BMI z‐score, length of illness, weight suppression, and full‐scale IQ were examined. Results: A three‐profile solution best fit the data: Profile 1 (n = 324)—'high verbal', Profile 2 (n = 349)—'average', and Profile 3 (n = 78)—'low flexibility and inhibition'. The low flexibility and inhibition profile comprised 10.6% of adolescents with AN, 30.0% of adults with AN, and 1.7% of adolescent HCs. Compared to other profiles, this profile was older, had a longer illness duration, higher EDE global scores, lower BMI z‐scores, and lower full‐scale IQ scores. No profile differences emerged in BMI or EDE‐Q global scores. Discussion: Only a small subset of our sample showed marked difficulties in flexibility and inhibition, challenging the notion that EF difficulties are a core feature of AN. Adolescents with AN in this profile showed greater illness severity, suggesting vulnerability to a more prolonged course of illness. These findings are a first step towards developing tailored treatment strategies based on EF profiles. Highlights: We identified three distinct executive functioning profiles among adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) and adolescent healthy controls: Profile 1 ('high verbal'), Profile 2 ('average'), and Profile 3 ('low flexibility and inhibition').The low flexibility and inhibition profile, comprising only 12% of the AN sample and containing the highest proportion of adults across profiles, was associated with greater illness severity and duration, challenging the idea that executive functioning inefficiencies are a universal endophenotype of the disorder.These results represent a first step towards developing tailored treatment strategies based on executive functioning profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Eating Disorders Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Identifying Distinct Latent Profiles of Executive Functioning Among Adolescents and Adults With Anorexia Nervosa and Adolescent Healthy Controls.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Eating+Disorders+Review%22">European Eating Disorders Review</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p442-454. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+ability%22">Motor ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+duration%22">Disease duration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Body+mass+index%22">Body mass index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+analysis%22">Secondary analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Probability+theory%22">Probability theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kruskal-Wallis+Test%22">Kruskal-Wallis Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+distribution%22">Age distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mann+Whitney+U+Test%22">Mann Whitney U Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Latent+structure+analysis%22">Latent structure analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anorexia+nervosa%22">Anorexia nervosa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuropsychological+tests%22">Neuropsychological tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligence+tests%22">Intelligence tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Verbal+behavior%22">Verbal behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Algorithms%22">Algorithms</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objective: Research suggests executive functioning (EF) inefficiencies contribute to anorexia nervosa (AN) onset and maintenance. Identifying EF subtypes in adolescents and adults with AN compared to healthy controls (HC) may provide insights into differences in illness severity, risk for prolonged illness, and highlight who could respond best to different treatments. Method: We conducted secondary analysis of 751 participants: adolescents (n = 559) and adults with AN (n = 74), and adolescent HC (n = 118). Latent profiles of six Delis Kaplan Executive Function System scores measuring EF constructs implicated in AN were derived. Differences across profiles on demographics, eating disorder cognitions (EDE/EDE‐Q score), BMI/BMI z‐score, length of illness, weight suppression, and full‐scale IQ were examined. Results: A three‐profile solution best fit the data: Profile 1 (n = 324)—'high verbal', Profile 2 (n = 349)—'average', and Profile 3 (n = 78)—'low flexibility and inhibition'. The low flexibility and inhibition profile comprised 10.6% of adolescents with AN, 30.0% of adults with AN, and 1.7% of adolescent HCs. Compared to other profiles, this profile was older, had a longer illness duration, higher EDE global scores, lower BMI z‐scores, and lower full‐scale IQ scores. No profile differences emerged in BMI or EDE‐Q global scores. Discussion: Only a small subset of our sample showed marked difficulties in flexibility and inhibition, challenging the notion that EF difficulties are a core feature of AN. Adolescents with AN in this profile showed greater illness severity, suggesting vulnerability to a more prolonged course of illness. These findings are a first step towards developing tailored treatment strategies based on EF profiles. Highlights: We identified three distinct executive functioning profiles among adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) and adolescent healthy controls: Profile 1 ('high verbal'), Profile 2 ('average'), and Profile 3 ('low flexibility and inhibition').The low flexibility and inhibition profile, comprising only 12% of the AN sample and containing the highest proportion of adults across profiles, was associated with greater illness severity and duration, challenging the idea that executive functioning inefficiencies are a universal endophenotype of the disorder.These results represent a first step towards developing tailored treatment strategies based on executive functioning profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of European Eating Disorders Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=191298320
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/erv.70043
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 442
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Motor ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease duration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Body mass index
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Executive function
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Probability theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kruskal-Wallis Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Latent structure analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anorexia nervosa
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      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Neuropsychological tests
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Intelligence tests
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      – SubjectFull: Verbal behavior
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      – SubjectFull: Algorithms
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      – TitleFull: Identifying Distinct Latent Profiles of Executive Functioning Among Adolescents and Adults With Anorexia Nervosa and Adolescent Healthy Controls.
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              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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