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Device-independent quantum key distribution over 100 km with single atoms.

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Title: Device-independent quantum key distribution over 100 km with single atoms.
Authors: Lu, Bo-Wei (AUTHOR), Yang, Chao-Wei (AUTHOR), Wang, Run-Qi (AUTHOR), Gao, Bo-Feng (AUTHOR), Zhen, Yi-Zheng (AUTHOR), Wang, Zhen-Gang (AUTHOR), Shi, Jia-Kai (AUTHOR), Ren, Zhong-Qi (AUTHOR), Hahn, Thomas A. (AUTHOR), Tan, Ernest Y.-Z. (AUTHOR), Xie, Xiu-Ping (AUTHOR), Zheng, Ming-Yang (AUTHOR), Jiang, Xiao (AUTHOR), Zhang, Jun (AUTHOR), Xu, Feihu (AUTHOR), Zhang, Qiang (AUTHOR), Bao, Xiao-Hui (AUTHOR), Pan, Jian-Wei (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 2/5/2026, Vol. 391 Issue 6785, p592-597. 6p.
Subjects: Quantum entanglement, Fiber optics, Optical wavelength conversion, Atoms, Rydberg states, Quantum communication
Abstract: Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) is a key application of the quantum internet. We report the realization of DI-QKD between two single-atom nodes linked by 100–kilometer (km) fibers. To improve the entangling rate, single-photon interference is leveraged for entanglement heralding, and quantum frequency conversion is used to reduce fiber loss. A tailored Rydberg-based emission scheme suppresses the photon recoil effect on the atom without introducing noise. We achieved high-fidelity atom-atom entanglement and positive asymptotic key rates for fiber lengths up to 100 km. At 11 km, 1.2 million heralded Bell pairs were prepared over 624 hours, yielding an estimated extractable finite-size secure key rate of 0.112 bits per event against general attacks. Our results close the gap between proof-of-principle quantum network experiments and real-world applications. Editor's summary: A robust and secure quantum internet will be reliant on device-independent quantum key distribution between parties over long distances. Such protocols have so far been limited to small-scale proof-of-principle demonstrations. Lu et al. used a pair of trapped single Rydberg atoms separated by up to 100 kilometers of optic fiber. Manipulating the state of the trapped atoms and using a single-photon interference protocol resulted in heralded entanglement between the two nodes and the ability to distribute quantum keys at metropolitan distances. This approach closes the gap between proof-of-principle quantum network experiments and real-world applications in quantum communication. —Ian S. Osborne [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Device-independent quantum key distribution over 100 km with single atoms.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Bo-Wei%22">Lu, Bo-Wei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Chao-Wei%22">Yang, Chao-Wei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Run-Qi%22">Wang, Run-Qi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Bo-Feng%22">Gao, Bo-Feng</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhen%2C+Yi-Zheng%22">Zhen, Yi-Zheng</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Zhen-Gang%22">Wang, Zhen-Gang</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shi%2C+Jia-Kai%22">Shi, Jia-Kai</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ren%2C+Zhong-Qi%22">Ren, Zhong-Qi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hahn%2C+Thomas+A%2E%22">Hahn, Thomas A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tan%2C+Ernest+Y%2E-Z%2E%22">Tan, Ernest Y.-Z.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xie%2C+Xiu-Ping%22">Xie, Xiu-Ping</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Ming-Yang%22">Zheng, Ming-Yang</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiang%2C+Xiao%22">Jiang, Xiao</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Jun%22">Zhang, Jun</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Feihu%22">Xu, Feihu</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Qiang%22">Zhang, Qiang</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bao%2C+Xiao-Hui%22">Bao, Xiao-Hui</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pan%2C+Jian-Wei%22">Pan, Jian-Wei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 2/5/2026, Vol. 391 Issue 6785, p592-597. 6p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+entanglement%22">Quantum entanglement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fiber+optics%22">Fiber optics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+wavelength+conversion%22">Optical wavelength conversion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atoms%22">Atoms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rydberg+states%22">Rydberg states</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+communication%22">Quantum communication</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) is a key application of the quantum internet. We report the realization of DI-QKD between two single-atom nodes linked by 100–kilometer (km) fibers. To improve the entangling rate, single-photon interference is leveraged for entanglement heralding, and quantum frequency conversion is used to reduce fiber loss. A tailored Rydberg-based emission scheme suppresses the photon recoil effect on the atom without introducing noise. We achieved high-fidelity atom-atom entanglement and positive asymptotic key rates for fiber lengths up to 100 km. At 11 km, 1.2 million heralded Bell pairs were prepared over 624 hours, yielding an estimated extractable finite-size secure key rate of 0.112 bits per event against general attacks. Our results close the gap between proof-of-principle quantum network experiments and real-world applications. Editor's summary: A robust and secure quantum internet will be reliant on device-independent quantum key distribution between parties over long distances. Such protocols have so far been limited to small-scale proof-of-principle demonstrations. Lu et al. used a pair of trapped single Rydberg atoms separated by up to 100 kilometers of optic fiber. Manipulating the state of the trapped atoms and using a single-photon interference protocol resulted in heralded entanglement between the two nodes and the ability to distribute quantum keys at metropolitan distances. This approach closes the gap between proof-of-principle quantum network experiments and real-world applications in quantum communication. —Ian S. Osborne [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1126/science.aec6243
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        Text: English
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