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Mapping phenotypic and genetic relationships among irritability, depression and ADHD in adolescence using network analysis.

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Title: Mapping phenotypic and genetic relationships among irritability, depression and ADHD in adolescence using network analysis.
Authors: Shakeshaft, Amy (AUTHOR), Farhat, Luis C. (AUTHOR), Dennison, Charlotte A. (AUTHOR), Eyre, Olga (AUTHOR), Oginni, Olakunle (AUTHOR), O'Donovan, Michael C. (AUTHOR), Stringaris, Argyris (AUTHOR), Leibenluft, Ellen (AUTHOR), Polanczyk, Guilherme V. (AUTHOR), Riglin, Lucy (AUTHOR), Thapar, Anita (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. Mar2026, Vol. 67 Issue 3, p333-343. 11p.
Subjects: Depression in adolescence, Risk assessment, Cross-sectional method, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Research funding, Secondary analysis, Data analysis, Mental health services, Questionnaires, Affective disorders, Descriptive statistics, Genetic risk score, Teenagers' conduct of life, Longitudinal method, Statistics, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Phenotypes, Oppositional defiant disorder in children, Genetics, Comorbidity, Evaluation
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom
Abstract: Background: Irritability is a common reason for referral to child and adolescent mental health services. However, debate exists as to whether irritability is best conceptualised and treated as a feature of mood disorder, oppositional defiant disorder or a core symptom of ADHD. Methods: We use network analyses to examine the relationships between adolescent irritability, headstrong/hurtful ODD items, depression and ADHD phenotypes, and polygenic scores (PGS) for depression and ADHD using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). In primary analysis, irritability, depression, headstrong/hurtful ODD items and ADHD were defined using the Development and Well‐Being Assessment (DAWBA) at age 15. In secondary analysis, phenotypes were defined using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) ADHD and behavioural subscales at age 13. Finally, we tested for network replicability using confirmatory network analysis in the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Results: Results of network analyses using the DAWBA in ALSPAC indicated irritability was most strongly associated with headstrong/hurtful ODD items, followed by ADHD and depression. When including PGS, we observed an edge between irritability and depression PGS but not between irritability and ADHD PGS. Irritability appeared to be the primary pathway between ADHD and depression as well as between headstrong/hurtful ODD items and depression. Results were similar using SMFQ/SDQ in ALSPAC and confirmatory network analysis indicated excellent model fit in MCS. Conclusions: Although irritability appears to be transdiagnostic, phenotypically, it was most strongly associated with headstrong/hurtful ODD items and broader behavioural problems, which favours the ICD‐11 approach of including irritability as a specifier of ODD. However, irritability appeared to be a key connector between both ADHD and behavioural problems to depression; thus, is important to monitor and treat in affected youth with ADHD or behavioural problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Mapping phenotypic and genetic relationships among irritability, depression and ADHD in adolescence using network analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Child+Psychology+%26+Psychiatry%22">Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 67 Issue 3, p333-343. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom%22">United Kingdom</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Irritability is a common reason for referral to child and adolescent mental health services. However, debate exists as to whether irritability is best conceptualised and treated as a feature of mood disorder, oppositional defiant disorder or a core symptom of ADHD. Methods: We use network analyses to examine the relationships between adolescent irritability, headstrong/hurtful ODD items, depression and ADHD phenotypes, and polygenic scores (PGS) for depression and ADHD using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). In primary analysis, irritability, depression, headstrong/hurtful ODD items and ADHD were defined using the Development and Well‐Being Assessment (DAWBA) at age 15. In secondary analysis, phenotypes were defined using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) ADHD and behavioural subscales at age 13. Finally, we tested for network replicability using confirmatory network analysis in the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Results: Results of network analyses using the DAWBA in ALSPAC indicated irritability was most strongly associated with headstrong/hurtful ODD items, followed by ADHD and depression. When including PGS, we observed an edge between irritability and depression PGS but not between irritability and ADHD PGS. Irritability appeared to be the primary pathway between ADHD and depression as well as between headstrong/hurtful ODD items and depression. Results were similar using SMFQ/SDQ in ALSPAC and confirmatory network analysis indicated excellent model fit in MCS. Conclusions: Although irritability appears to be transdiagnostic, phenotypically, it was most strongly associated with headstrong/hurtful ODD items and broader behavioural problems, which favours the ICD‐11 approach of including irritability as a specifier of ODD. However, irritability appeared to be a key connector between both ADHD and behavioural problems to depression; thus, is important to monitor and treat in affected youth with ADHD or behavioural problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=191428996
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/jcpp.70040
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 333
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      – SubjectFull: Depression in adolescence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
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      – SubjectFull: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Secondary analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental health services
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Affective disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Genetic risk score
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      – SubjectFull: Teenagers' conduct of life
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      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Phenotypes
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      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom
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              Text: Mar2026
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