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Phytochemical Insights into Panax Genus Metabolites: Evidence-Based Fatigue Intervention via Ethnopharmacological and Biomedical Perspectives.

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Title: Phytochemical Insights into Panax Genus Metabolites: Evidence-Based Fatigue Intervention via Ethnopharmacological and Biomedical Perspectives.
Authors: Le, Huong-Giang (AUTHOR), Huynh, Thi Luu Kim Huong (AUTHOR), Huynh, Thanh Hao (AUTHOR), Pham, Ngoc-Thac (AUTHOR), Peng, Bo-Rong (AUTHOR), El-Shazly, Mohamed (AUTHOR), Chen, Lo-Yun (AUTHOR), Wang, Lung-Shuo (AUTHOR), Yen, Pei-Tzu (AUTHOR), Lai, Kuei-Hung (AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2026, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p171-200. 30p.
Subjects: Computer simulation, Chinese medicine, Computer-assisted molecular modeling, Steroids, Patient safety, Mitochondria, Fatigue (Physiology), Herbal medicine, Pharmaceutical chemistry, Visual analog scale, Lipids, Phytochemicals, In vivo studies, Oxidative stress, Descriptive statistics, Immune system, Plant extracts, Metabolites, Mice, Rats, Energy metabolism, Polysaccharides, Peptides, Drug efficacy, Molecular structure, Animal experimentation, Medicinal plants, Amino acids, Glycosides, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Cancer fatigue, Comparative studies, Alcohols (Chemical class), Biomarkers
Abstract: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a longstanding history in the treatment of fatigue-related conditions, and is increasingly recognized as a foundation for novel therapeutic approaches. The Panax genus, extensively utilized in the fundamental TCM principles to enhance vitality, modulate immune function, and stimulate Yang energy, is a key resource in managing both physiological and pathological fatigue. This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements in plant-derived metabolites from various Panax species with an emphasis on their structural diversity and structure–activity relationships. Notably, this represents the first systematic exploration of Panax metabolites with potential antifatigue effects. A systematic literature review was conducted using major scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The search query "(scientific name of herbal medicine in the Panax genus) AND ("antifatigue")" was employed. Additionally, classical herbals, botanical literature, and pharmacopoeias were reviewed to contextualize the findings. Comprehensive analysis of 105 studies elucidated 16 predominant metabolites exhibiting antifatigue activity. These metabolites primarily originated from Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 demonstrated the most substantial pharmacological efficacy in experimental models, in particular by ameliorating metabolic perturbations and mitigating oxidative stress in vivo. Clinical trials predominantly relied on subjective patient-reported measures, such as the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and yielded largely positive outcomes. These findings substantiate fundamental TCM principles and reinforce the therapeutic potential of Panax species in fatigue management. The integration of traditional knowledge with contemporary biomedical research enhances the understanding and clinical applicability of Panax species in addressing fatigue-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Chinese Medicine is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Phytochemical Insights into Panax Genus Metabolites: Evidence-Based Fatigue Intervention via Ethnopharmacological and Biomedical Perspectives.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Le%2C+Huong-Giang%22">Le, Huong-Giang</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huynh%2C+Thi+Luu+Kim+Huong%22">Huynh, Thi Luu Kim Huong</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huynh%2C+Thanh+Hao%22">Huynh, Thanh Hao</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pham%2C+Ngoc-Thac%22">Pham, Ngoc-Thac</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peng%2C+Bo-Rong%22">Peng, Bo-Rong</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22El-Shazly%2C+Mohamed%22">El-Shazly, Mohamed</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Lo-Yun%22">Chen, Lo-Yun</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Lung-Shuo%22">Wang, Lung-Shuo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yen%2C+Pei-Tzu%22">Yen, Pei-Tzu</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lai%2C+Kuei-Hung%22">Lai, Kuei-Hung</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chinese+medicine%22">Chinese medicine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer-assisted+molecular+modeling%22">Computer-assisted molecular modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steroids%22">Steroids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patient+safety%22">Patient safety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mitochondria%22">Mitochondria</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fatigue+%28Physiology%29%22">Fatigue (Physiology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Herbal+medicine%22">Herbal medicine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pharmaceutical+chemistry%22">Pharmaceutical chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+analog+scale%22">Visual analog scale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lipids%22">Lipids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phytochemicals%22">Phytochemicals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22In+vivo+studies%22">In vivo studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxidative+stress%22">Oxidative stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immune+system%22">Immune system</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+extracts%22">Plant extracts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metabolites%22">Metabolites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mice%22">Mice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rats%22">Rats</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+metabolism%22">Energy metabolism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polysaccharides%22">Polysaccharides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Peptides%22">Peptides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+efficacy%22">Drug efficacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Molecular+structure%22">Molecular structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animal+experimentation%22">Animal experimentation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medicinal+plants%22">Medicinal plants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Amino+acids%22">Amino acids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glycosides%22">Glycosides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal+axis%22">Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chronic+fatigue+syndrome%22">Chronic fatigue syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cancer+fatigue%22">Cancer fatigue</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alcohols+%28Chemical+class%29%22">Alcohols (Chemical class)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomarkers%22">Biomarkers</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a longstanding history in the treatment of fatigue-related conditions, and is increasingly recognized as a foundation for novel therapeutic approaches. The Panax genus, extensively utilized in the fundamental TCM principles to enhance vitality, modulate immune function, and stimulate Yang energy, is a key resource in managing both physiological and pathological fatigue. This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements in plant-derived metabolites from various Panax species with an emphasis on their structural diversity and structure–activity relationships. Notably, this represents the first systematic exploration of Panax metabolites with potential antifatigue effects. A systematic literature review was conducted using major scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The search query "(scientific name of herbal medicine in the Panax genus) AND ("antifatigue")" was employed. Additionally, classical herbals, botanical literature, and pharmacopoeias were reviewed to contextualize the findings. Comprehensive analysis of 105 studies elucidated 16 predominant metabolites exhibiting antifatigue activity. These metabolites primarily originated from Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 demonstrated the most substantial pharmacological efficacy in experimental models, in particular by ameliorating metabolic perturbations and mitigating oxidative stress in vivo. Clinical trials predominantly relied on subjective patient-reported measures, such as the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and yielded largely positive outcomes. These findings substantiate fundamental TCM principles and reinforce the therapeutic potential of Panax species in fatigue management. The integration of traditional knowledge with contemporary biomedical research enhances the understanding and clinical applicability of Panax species in addressing fatigue-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Chinese Medicine is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1142/S0192415X26500060
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 30
        StartPage: 171
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chinese medicine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer-assisted molecular modeling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steroids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Patient safety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mitochondria
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fatigue (Physiology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Herbal medicine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pharmaceutical chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Visual analog scale
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lipids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phytochemicals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: In vivo studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oxidative stress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Immune system
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plant extracts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metabolites
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mice
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rats
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polysaccharides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Peptides
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      – SubjectFull: Drug efficacy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Molecular structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animal experimentation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medicinal plants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Amino acids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glycosides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chronic fatigue syndrome
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cancer fatigue
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alcohols (Chemical class)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomarkers
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Phytochemical Insights into Panax Genus Metabolites: Evidence-Based Fatigue Intervention via Ethnopharmacological and Biomedical Perspectives.
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: 2026
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              Y: 2026
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